BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasingly widespread syndrome globally, in 2021 ’8.54% of the global population (673.7 million) was affected by this condition. When renal function is completely impaired, hemodialysis must be used, this replacement treatment can be debilitating for the patient as high levels of anxiety and depression have often been found, which negatively affect quality of life and adherence to treatment. OBJECTIVES: The objective is to understand how nursing care combined with the use of virtual reality (VR) can improve the psychophysical well-being of the hemodialysis patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature review was conducted using the databases “Pubmed”, “Google scholar”, “Scopus” and “Cochrane Library”, between February and June 2025. RESULTS: For the research, 20 studies were selected and the results showed significant improvements in three areas: psychological well-being with a decrease in anxiety and depression, the increase in subjective well-being and quality of life. Secondly, an improvement in physical well-being with an increase in gait speed, functional capacity, endurance and muscle strength. The pain related to the FAV puncture was also decreased thanks to VR. Finally, the administration of virtual reality interventions has received positive opinions from both patients and healthcare professionals. CONCLUSIONS: Virtual reality interventions in hemodialysis have shown to be a valid non-pharmacological support in improving the psychophysical well-being and adherence of patients. In this area, the nurse plays a central role in identifying eligible patients, planning VR interventions and monitoring effects in order to contribute to more personalized patient care focused on the overall well-being promoted by advanced nursing practice. KEYWORDS: Hemodialysis, Hemodialysed patient, Virtual reality, Nursing care, Physical activity, Anxiety, Depression, Quality of life, Pain, Patient education, Dialysis nursing, Adherence, Hemodialysis patient, Psychological well-being, Technology-based intervention, nurs*
BACKGROUND: La malattia renale cronica (MRC) è una sindrome sempre più diffusa a livello globale, nel 2021 l’8,54% della popolazione globale (673,7 milioni) era affetto da tale patologia. Quando la funzione renale è completamente compromessa è necessario ricorrere all'emodialisi, un trattamento sostitutivo che può risultare debilitante per il paziente in quanto sono stati spesso riscontrati alti livelli di ansia e depressione, che influiscono negativamente sulla qualità della vita e sull’aderenza al trattamento. OBIETTIVO: L’obiettivo è quello di comprendere come l’assistenza infermieristica combinata con l’utilizzo della realtà virtuale (VR) possa migliorare il benessere psicofisico del paziente in emodialisi. MATERIALI E METODI: E’ stata svolta una revisione della letteratura nelle banche dati “Pubmed”, “Google scholar”, “Scopus” e “Cochrane Library”, tra febbraio e giugno 2025. RISULTATI: Per la ricerca sono stati selezionati 20 studi ed i risultati hanno rilevato dei significativi miglioramenti per quanto riguarda tre campi: il benessere psicologico con una diminuzione di ansia e depressione, l’aumento del benessere soggettivo e della qualità di vita. In secondo luogo un miglioramento del benessere fisico con un incremento riguardante la velocità di andatura, la capacità funzionale, la resistenza e la forza muscolare. Anche il dolore correlato alla puntura della FAV è risultato diminuito grazie alla VR. Infine la somministrazione di interventi di realtà virtuale ha riscosso opinioni positive sia dai pazienti che dal personale sanitario. CONCLUSIONI: Gli interventi di realtà virtuale in emodialisi hanno mostrato essere un valido supporto non farmacologico nel migliorare il benessere psicofisico e l'aderenza dei pazienti. In questo ambito l'infermiere svolge un ruolo centrale nell'identificazione dei pazienti eleggibili, nella programmazione degli interventi VR e nel monitoraggio degli effetti in modo da contribuire ad un'assistenza al paziente più personalizzata orientata al benessere globale del nursing avanzato. KEYWORDS: Hemodialysis, Hemodialysed patient, Virtual reality, Nursing care, Physical activity, Anxiety, Depression, Quality of life, Pain, Patient education, Dialysis nursing, Adherence, Hemodialysis patient, Psychological well-being, Technology-based intervention, nurs*
Assistenza infermieristica e realtà virtuale per il trattamento dello stress e del dolore nel paziente in emodialisi: una revisione della letteratura
RIATO, FRANCESCA LUCIA
2024/2025
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasingly widespread syndrome globally, in 2021 ’8.54% of the global population (673.7 million) was affected by this condition. When renal function is completely impaired, hemodialysis must be used, this replacement treatment can be debilitating for the patient as high levels of anxiety and depression have often been found, which negatively affect quality of life and adherence to treatment. OBJECTIVES: The objective is to understand how nursing care combined with the use of virtual reality (VR) can improve the psychophysical well-being of the hemodialysis patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature review was conducted using the databases “Pubmed”, “Google scholar”, “Scopus” and “Cochrane Library”, between February and June 2025. RESULTS: For the research, 20 studies were selected and the results showed significant improvements in three areas: psychological well-being with a decrease in anxiety and depression, the increase in subjective well-being and quality of life. Secondly, an improvement in physical well-being with an increase in gait speed, functional capacity, endurance and muscle strength. The pain related to the FAV puncture was also decreased thanks to VR. Finally, the administration of virtual reality interventions has received positive opinions from both patients and healthcare professionals. CONCLUSIONS: Virtual reality interventions in hemodialysis have shown to be a valid non-pharmacological support in improving the psychophysical well-being and adherence of patients. In this area, the nurse plays a central role in identifying eligible patients, planning VR interventions and monitoring effects in order to contribute to more personalized patient care focused on the overall well-being promoted by advanced nursing practice. KEYWORDS: Hemodialysis, Hemodialysed patient, Virtual reality, Nursing care, Physical activity, Anxiety, Depression, Quality of life, Pain, Patient education, Dialysis nursing, Adherence, Hemodialysis patient, Psychological well-being, Technology-based intervention, nurs*| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/98253