Background: Stroke is the second cause of death and the third of disability in the Western world and has a growing incidence due to the aging of the population and the increase of cardiovascular risk factors. The time between the onset of the first symptoms of stroke and the start of thrombolytic and/or endovascular therapy is crucial (time is brain) in terms of prognosis and possibility of recovery; for this purpose, standardized diagnostic-therapeutic protocols are created for healthcare teams specialized in neurological emergencies (Rapid Response Stroke Team). Objective: This Graduate Thesis is a review of Nursing Scientific Literature, which has the objective of examining the role and emerging competencies of nurses in the care of patients with acute stroke. Materials and methods: The Literature was analyzed with PICO methodology to identify the population (patients with acute stroke), the intervention (current advanced nursing care), the comparison (basic nursing care) and the objective (care outcomes). In the final review, 29 articles were included, mainly from the PubMed and CINAHL databases. Results: The role of the nurse is essential in all phases of stroke: in assisting the early radiological diagnosis of nature (ischemic stroke vs. hemorrhagic) and extension of stroke, in monitoring and subsequent treatment (thrombolytic and endovascular), in the recognition and treatment of complications and, finally, in the early rehabilitation of motor, phasic and swallowing deficits. The new specialized nursing competencies, defined in figures such as the Stroke Nurse and structured in care models such as the Nurse-Led Bundle Care and Transition Care, are associated with a reduction in stroke mortality and morbidity. Training courses for the stroke specialist nurse are considered necessary. Conclusions: The nurse is instrumental in managing the patient with stroke, contributing significantly to improved outcome. The application of evidence-based practices and early assessment tools and interdisciplinary collaboration are key elements for effective stewardship. It is necessary to promote advanced training and the development of specialized skills in the neurological field, in order to consolidate the figure of the expert nurse and ensure safe, timely and quality care. It also hopes for an expansion of research and the establishment of training courses dedicated to the Stroke Nurse, to support the evolution of the nursing profession in line with the emerging needs of modern healthcare. Keywords: nurse, emergency, acute stroke, stroke management, healthcare outcomes.
Background: Lo stroke o ictus o colpo apoplettico, è la seconda causa di morte e la terza di disabilità nel mondo occidentale ed ha un’incidenza in crescita a causa dell’invecchiamento della popolazione e dell’aumento di fattori di rischio cardiovascolare. Il tempo intercorrente fra esordio dei primi sintomi dello stroke e inizio della terapia trombolitica e/o endovascolare è cruciale (time is brain) per prognosi e possibilità di recupero; a tal scopo vengono realizzati protocolli diagnostico-terapeutici standardizzati per team sanitari specializzati in emergenze neurologiche (Rapid Response Stroke Team). Obiettivo: Questa Tesi di Laurea è una revisione della Letteratura Scientifica infermieristica, che ha l’obiettivo di esaminare il ruolo e le competenze emergenti degli infermieri nell’assistenza ai pazienti con stroke acuto. Materiali e metodi: La Letteratura è stata analizzata con metodologia PICO per identificare la popolazione (pazienti con stroke acuto), l’intervento (assistenza infermieristica avanzata attuale), il confronto (assistenza infermieristica di base) e l’obiettivo (outcome assistenziali). Nella revisione finale sono stati inclusi 29 articoli, provenienti principalmente dai database PubMed e CINAHL. Risultati: Il ruolo dell’infermiere risulta essenziale in tutte le fasi dello stroke: nell’assistenza alla diagnosi radiologica precoce della natura (ictus ischemico vs. emorragico) ed estensione dello stroke, nel monitoraggio e nel trattamento successivo (trombolitico ed endovascolare), nel riconoscimento e trattamento delle complicanze ed, infine, nella riabilitazione precoce dei deficit motori, fasici e deglutitori. Le nuove competenze infermieristiche specialistiche, definite in figure come lo Stroke Nurse e strutturate in modelli assistenziali come la Nurse-Led Bundle Care e la Transition Care, si associano a una riduzione della mortalità e morbilità dell’ictus. Sono considerati necessari percorsi formativi per l’infermiere specialista in stroke. Conclusioni: L’infermiere riveste un ruolo determinante nella gestione del paziente con stroke, contribuendo in modo significativo al miglioramento dell’outcome. L’applicazione di pratiche basate sull’evidenza e di strumenti di valutazione precoce e la collaborazione interdisciplinare sono elementi chiave per una presa in carico efficace. È necessario promuovere la formazione avanzata e lo sviluppo di competenze specialistiche in ambito neurologico, al fine di consolidare la figura dell’infermiere esperto e garantire un’assistenza sicura, tempestiva e di qualità. Si auspica, inoltre, un ampliamento delle ricerche e l’istituzione di percorsi formativi dedicati allo Stroke Nurse, per sostenere l’evoluzione della professione infermieristica in linea con i bisogni emergenti della sanità moderna. Parole chiave: infermiere (nurse), emergenza (emergency), stroke acuto (acute stroke), gestione dell'ictus (stroke management), esiti assistenziali (healthcare outcomes).
Stroke acuto: ruolo e competenze infermieristiche emergenti.
SCHIESARI, EMMA
2024/2025
Abstract
Background: Stroke is the second cause of death and the third of disability in the Western world and has a growing incidence due to the aging of the population and the increase of cardiovascular risk factors. The time between the onset of the first symptoms of stroke and the start of thrombolytic and/or endovascular therapy is crucial (time is brain) in terms of prognosis and possibility of recovery; for this purpose, standardized diagnostic-therapeutic protocols are created for healthcare teams specialized in neurological emergencies (Rapid Response Stroke Team). Objective: This Graduate Thesis is a review of Nursing Scientific Literature, which has the objective of examining the role and emerging competencies of nurses in the care of patients with acute stroke. Materials and methods: The Literature was analyzed with PICO methodology to identify the population (patients with acute stroke), the intervention (current advanced nursing care), the comparison (basic nursing care) and the objective (care outcomes). In the final review, 29 articles were included, mainly from the PubMed and CINAHL databases. Results: The role of the nurse is essential in all phases of stroke: in assisting the early radiological diagnosis of nature (ischemic stroke vs. hemorrhagic) and extension of stroke, in monitoring and subsequent treatment (thrombolytic and endovascular), in the recognition and treatment of complications and, finally, in the early rehabilitation of motor, phasic and swallowing deficits. The new specialized nursing competencies, defined in figures such as the Stroke Nurse and structured in care models such as the Nurse-Led Bundle Care and Transition Care, are associated with a reduction in stroke mortality and morbidity. Training courses for the stroke specialist nurse are considered necessary. Conclusions: The nurse is instrumental in managing the patient with stroke, contributing significantly to improved outcome. The application of evidence-based practices and early assessment tools and interdisciplinary collaboration are key elements for effective stewardship. It is necessary to promote advanced training and the development of specialized skills in the neurological field, in order to consolidate the figure of the expert nurse and ensure safe, timely and quality care. It also hopes for an expansion of research and the establishment of training courses dedicated to the Stroke Nurse, to support the evolution of the nursing profession in line with the emerging needs of modern healthcare. Keywords: nurse, emergency, acute stroke, stroke management, healthcare outcomes.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/98261