Presbycusis is a prevalent condition in the elderly population, often underestimated, but which constitutes a potential risk factor for cognitive decline. Although several studies have highlighted this correlation, it is still unclear whether, and to what extent, auditory rehabilitation can promote cognitive improvement. The aim of this observational study was to evaluate the impact of the auditory rehabilitation using air-conduction hearing aids on congnitive performance in ederly people, verifying whether it could not only improve speech discrimination but also be a potential protective factor against age-related cognitive decline. Thirty-one participants aged over 65 with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss were recruited, all of whom were first-time hearing aid users. Audiological assessments (including pure-tone audiometry, speech audiometry, and the Matrix Test) and cognitive evaluations using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were conducted at baseline and after three months of hearing aid use. Statistical analysis was performed, with p-values < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Data analysis showed a statistically significant improvement (p=0.0002) in MMSE scores, with an average increase from 23.28 to 25.48 points and a median gain of 2 points. In addition, a positive trend close to significance (p=0.052) emerged between cognitive gain and tonal gain. Other associations observed were a significant correlation between the baseline MMSE score and years of education (p=0.0066) and an inverse trend between education level and cognitive gain (p=0.081). Regarding speech discrimination, an inverse trend was found between the threshold of understanding (100%) and the final MMSE score (p=0.0644) and a significant negative correlation (rho=-0.3782; p= 0.0359) between the detection threshold (0%) with hearing aids at follow-up and cognitive gain (MMSE). These findings suggest that auditory rehabilitation through hearing aids may have a beneficial effect not only on auditory functions, but also on cognitive performance in elderly people with hearing loss. Further studies with larger samples and long-term follow-up will provide more information on the extent of this correlation.
La presbiacusia è una condizione molto diffusa nella popolazione anziana, spesso sottovalutata, ma che costituisce un potenziale fattore di rischio per il declino cognitivo. Sebbene diversi studi abbiano evidenziato tale correlazione, è ancora poco chiaro se, e in che misura, la riabilitazione uditiva possa favorire il miglioramento delle funzioni cognitive. Lo scopo del presente studio osservazionale era valutare l’impatto della riabilitazione uditiva mediante apparecchi acustici per via aerea sulle prestazioni cognitive in soggetti anziani, verificando se potesse non solo migliorare la discriminazione vocale, ma anche essere un potenziale fattore protettivo nei confronti del declino cognitivo legato all’invecchiamento. Sono stati coinvolti 31 partecipanti di età superiore a 65 anni con ipoacusia neurosensoriale bilaterale alla prima esperienza di utilizzo degli apparecchi acustici. I soggetti sono stati sottoposti a valutazione audiologica (audiometria tonale, vocale e Matrix Test) e cognitiva, tramite il Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), sia all’inizio del percorso riabilitativo sia dopo tre mesi di utilizzo degli apparecchi acustici. È stata svolta poi un’analisi statistica dove valori di p-value <0,05 sono stati considerati statisticamente significativi. Dall’analisi dei dati è emerso un miglioramento statisticamente significativo (p= 0,0002) del punteggio al MMSE, con un aumento medio da 23,28 a 25.48 punti e un guadagno mediano è di 2 punti. Inoltre, è emerso un trend positivo prossimo alla significatività (p=0,052) tra il guadagno cognitivo e il guadagno tonale. Altre associazioni osservate sono una correlazione significativa tra il punteggio MMSE baseline e gli anni di scolarità (p=0.0066) e un trend inverso tra questi ultimi e il guadagno cognitivo (p=0.081). Relativamente alla discriminazione verbale, invece, si è riscontrato un trend inverso tra la soglia di intellezione (100%) e il punteggio MMSE finale (p=0,0644) e una correlazione negativa significativa (rho=-0.3782; p= 0,0359) tra la soglia di detezione (0%) con apparecchi acustici al follow-up e il guadagno cognitivo (MMSE). I risultati ottenuti da questo studio suggeriscono che la riabilitazione uditiva per mezzo degli apparecchi acustici possa avere un effetto favorevole non solo sulle funzioni uditive, ma anche su quelle cognitive negli anziani ipoacusici. Ulteriori studi con campioni più ampi e follow-up più estesi potranno fornire maggiori informazioni sulla portata di tale correlazione.
Aspetti cognitivi nella riabilitazione uditiva nel paziente ipoacusico
FURLAN, VEIRA
2024/2025
Abstract
Presbycusis is a prevalent condition in the elderly population, often underestimated, but which constitutes a potential risk factor for cognitive decline. Although several studies have highlighted this correlation, it is still unclear whether, and to what extent, auditory rehabilitation can promote cognitive improvement. The aim of this observational study was to evaluate the impact of the auditory rehabilitation using air-conduction hearing aids on congnitive performance in ederly people, verifying whether it could not only improve speech discrimination but also be a potential protective factor against age-related cognitive decline. Thirty-one participants aged over 65 with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss were recruited, all of whom were first-time hearing aid users. Audiological assessments (including pure-tone audiometry, speech audiometry, and the Matrix Test) and cognitive evaluations using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were conducted at baseline and after three months of hearing aid use. Statistical analysis was performed, with p-values < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Data analysis showed a statistically significant improvement (p=0.0002) in MMSE scores, with an average increase from 23.28 to 25.48 points and a median gain of 2 points. In addition, a positive trend close to significance (p=0.052) emerged between cognitive gain and tonal gain. Other associations observed were a significant correlation between the baseline MMSE score and years of education (p=0.0066) and an inverse trend between education level and cognitive gain (p=0.081). Regarding speech discrimination, an inverse trend was found between the threshold of understanding (100%) and the final MMSE score (p=0.0644) and a significant negative correlation (rho=-0.3782; p= 0.0359) between the detection threshold (0%) with hearing aids at follow-up and cognitive gain (MMSE). These findings suggest that auditory rehabilitation through hearing aids may have a beneficial effect not only on auditory functions, but also on cognitive performance in elderly people with hearing loss. Further studies with larger samples and long-term follow-up will provide more information on the extent of this correlation.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/98323