Presbycusis is a progressive bilateral sensorineural hearing loss typical of advanced age, which significantly impairs speech understanding, especially in noisy environments. The main aim of this study was to analyse speech discrimination in noise among elderly subjects with sensorineural hearing loss undergoing hearing aid fitting, to assess the benefits of acoustic amplification on speech comprehension in acoustically complex conditions. Secondary objectives included the exploration of cognitive outcomes, to rule out potential interference with auditory performance and to investigate the possible role of cognitive abilities in the adaptation process to hearing aids. The sample consisted of 31 participants (mean age 80 years) with moderate bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, all of whom had no prior experience with hearing aids. Assessments were conducted at baseline and after three months, including free-field pure-tone audiometry, speech audiometry, the Italian Matrix Sentence Test (ITA Matrix Test), and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Results showed a significant improvement in free-field thresholds, speech perception in noise (SRT 50% from 6.1 to 1.78 dB; p < 0.001), and, to a lesser extent, cognitive performance (MMSE from 23.3 to 25.5 points; p < 0.001). Although correlations between auditory and cognitive functions did not reach statistical significance, they followed trends consistent with hearing–cognition interaction models, suggesting that hearing aid use reduces listening effort and promotes processes of adaptation and neural plasticity. In conclusion, auditory rehabilitation through hearing aids proved to be an effective intervention not only in enhancing speech discrimination in noise, but also in supporting cognitive functions and overall quality of life in older adults with hearing loss.
La presbiacusia è una forma di ipoacusia neurosensoriale bilaterale progressiva tipica dell’età avanzata, che compromette in modo significativo la comprensione del parlato, soprattutto in ambienti rumorosi. Scopo principale del presente studio è stato analizzare la discriminazione vocale nel rumore in soggetti anziani affetti da ipoacusia neurosensoriale sottoposti a trattamento protesico, valutando i benefici dell’amplificazione acustica nella comprensione del parlato in condizioni acusticamente complesse. Sono stati inoltre esplorati gli outcome cognitivi, per escludere eventuali interferenze sulle prestazioni uditive e indagare il possibile ruolo delle capacità cognitive nei processi di adattamento protesico. Il campione era costituito da 31 soggetti (età media 80 anni) ipoacusici bilaterali di grado moderato, tutti privi di precedenti esperienze protesiche. La valutazione, condotta al basale e dopo tre mesi, comprendeva audiometria tonale in campo libero, audiometria vocale, ITA Matrix Test e Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). I risultati hanno mostrato un miglioramento significativo delle soglie in campo libero, della comprensione del parlato nel rumore (SRT 50% da 6,1 a 1,78 dB; p < 0,001) e, in misura minore, delle prestazioni cognitive (MMSE da 23,3 a 25,5 punti; p < 0,001). Le correlazioni tra funzioni uditive e cognitive, pur non statisticamente significative, hanno mostrato tendenze coerenti con i modelli di interazione udito–cognizione, suggerendo che la protesizzazione riduce lo sforzo di ascolto e favorisce processi di adattamento e plasticità neurale. In conclusione, la riabilitazione uditiva mediante apparecchi acustici si conferma un intervento efficace nel migliorare la discriminazione vocale nel rumore, sostenendo al contempo le funzioni cognitive e la qualità di vita degli anziani ipoacusici.
Discriminazione vocale nel rumore e outcome cognitivi nei pazienti ipoacusici protesizzati
SBROGGIÒ, ERIKA
2024/2025
Abstract
Presbycusis is a progressive bilateral sensorineural hearing loss typical of advanced age, which significantly impairs speech understanding, especially in noisy environments. The main aim of this study was to analyse speech discrimination in noise among elderly subjects with sensorineural hearing loss undergoing hearing aid fitting, to assess the benefits of acoustic amplification on speech comprehension in acoustically complex conditions. Secondary objectives included the exploration of cognitive outcomes, to rule out potential interference with auditory performance and to investigate the possible role of cognitive abilities in the adaptation process to hearing aids. The sample consisted of 31 participants (mean age 80 years) with moderate bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, all of whom had no prior experience with hearing aids. Assessments were conducted at baseline and after three months, including free-field pure-tone audiometry, speech audiometry, the Italian Matrix Sentence Test (ITA Matrix Test), and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Results showed a significant improvement in free-field thresholds, speech perception in noise (SRT 50% from 6.1 to 1.78 dB; p < 0.001), and, to a lesser extent, cognitive performance (MMSE from 23.3 to 25.5 points; p < 0.001). Although correlations between auditory and cognitive functions did not reach statistical significance, they followed trends consistent with hearing–cognition interaction models, suggesting that hearing aid use reduces listening effort and promotes processes of adaptation and neural plasticity. In conclusion, auditory rehabilitation through hearing aids proved to be an effective intervention not only in enhancing speech discrimination in noise, but also in supporting cognitive functions and overall quality of life in older adults with hearing loss.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/98340