Title: Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization and the Dental Hygienist: Screening, Prevention and Non-Surgical Treatment - A literature review Background. Molar–Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) is a qualitative enamel defect in childhood that primarily affects the first permanent molars and, less frequently, the central incisors. It is often associated with hypersensitivity, dental caries and posteruptive enamel breakdown (PEB), aesthetic concerns, and a measurable impact on oral health–related quality of life (OHRQoL). The dental hygienist is a key professional in screening, prevention, and non-surgical management. Objective. To clarify the proposed non-invasive treatments and to define the role, competencies, and operational workflows of the dental hygienist in screening, prevention, and non-surgical management of MIH across severity classifications, in relation to the main products currently available. Materials and Methods. Structured narrative review of 27 studies (randomized clinical trials, prospective/retrospective studies, cross-sectional studies, in-vitro research, reviews, and protocols) selected from the provided dossier. Extracted items: study design, sample, MIH severity (EAPD/MIH-TNI criteria), non-invasive interventions (hydroxyapatite [HAP]/zinc-HAP, casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate [CPP-ACP], professional fluoride applications, glass ionomer/resin sealants, silver diamine fluoride [SDF]/SMART, resin infiltration; ozone/photobiomodulation [PBM]/antimicrobial photodynamic therapy [aPDT]), outcomes (Wong-Baker Faces Scale [WBFS]/Schiff Cold Air Sensitivity Scale [SCASS], caries/PEB, retention, ΔE, OHRQoL/Child Perceptions Questionnaire [CPQ]) and follow-up. Results. HAP/Zn-HAP reduces hypersensitivity within 1–8 weeks and is non-inferior to 1,400-ppm fluoride for pain control; CPP-ACP shows a moderate benefit on hypersensitivity and remineralization comparable to fluoride. Glass ionomer sealants lower caries risk but do not prevent PEB. Resin-based sealants demonstrate better retention when isolation is adequate; resin infiltration provides a significant aesthetic benefit for anterior lesions. SDF/SMART are highly effective, minimally invasive strategies for occlusal cavities. The hygienist is crucial for screening at 6–10 years, targeted anamnesis, education in oral hygiene and dietary counseling, home desensitizing/remineralizing regimens, early sealing with retention monitoring, 4–12-week recalls, and— in more severe cases—collaboration with the specialist dentist to evaluate more invasive options. Conclusions. Hygienist-led non-surgical strategies are effective for pain control, caries prevention, and improvement of quality of life. Material selection should be guided by disease staging, teeth involved, and paediatric patient compliance. Further multicentre randomized clinical trials with >24-month follow-up are needed to standardize protocols, prevent PEB, and evaluate emerging “add-on” therapies (e.g., ozone, PBM, aPDT).
Titolo: Molar-Incisor Hypomineralizatione l'Igienista Dentale: Screening, Prevenzione e Trattamento Non Chirurgico; una Revisione della Letteratura Background. La Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) è un difetto qualitativo dello smalto presente in età pediatrica che colpisce i primi molari permanenti e con minor frequenza anche gli incisivi centrali; spesso associato a ipersensibilità, patologia cariosa/PEB, problemi estetici e impatto sulla qualità di vita orale. L’igienista dentale è figura chiave nello screening, nella prevenzione e nella gestione non chirurgica. Obiettivo. Chiarire i trattamenti non invasivi proposti e definire ruolo, competenze e flussi operativi dell’igienista dentale nello screening, nella prevenzione e nel trattamento non chirurgico della MIH, nelle sue diverse classificazioni di gravità in relazione ai vari prodotti presenti in commercio. Materiali e metodi. Revisione narrativa strutturata della letteratura basata su 27 studi (RCT, prospettici/retrospettivi, cross-sectional, in vitro, revisioni e protocolli) selezionati dal dossier fornito. Sono stati estratti: disegno, campione, severità MIH (criteri EAPD/MIH-TNI), interventi non invasivi (HAP/Zn-HAP, CPP-ACP, fluoroprofilassi, sigillanti GIC/resinosi, SDF/SMART, resin infiltration; ozono/PBM/aPDT), outcome (WBFS/SCASS, carie/PEB, ritenzione, ΔE, OHRQoL/CPQ) e follow-up. Risultati. HAP/Zn-HAP riduce l’ipersensibilità in 1–8 settimane con non-inferiorità vs 1400 ppm F−; CPP-ACP mostra beneficio moderato sull’ipersensibilità e rimineralizzazione simile al fluoro. I sigillanti GIC riducono il rischio carie ma non prevengono il PEB; le resine infiltranti offrono miglior ritenzione se l’isolamento è adeguato, con anche un impatto significativo per quanto riguarda l'estetica. SDF/SMART come tecniche molto efficaci per le cavità occlusali, grazie anche alla loro mini invasività. L’igienista è cruciale per lo screening tra 6–10 anni, con anamnesi mirata, educazione alle tecniche di Igiene e eventuali consigli nutrizionali, trattamenti desensibilizzanti e remineralizzanti domiciliari, sigillature e monitoraggio della ritenzione, follow-up 4–12 settimane, e nei casi più severi, confronti con l'Odontoiatra specialista per valutare i trattamenti più invasivi da attuare. Conclusioni. Le strategie non chirurgiche guidate dall’igienista sono efficaci nel controllo del dolore, nella prevenzione della carie e nel miglioramento della qualità di vita. La scelta dei materiali dipende dalla stadiazione della patologia, dagli elementi affetti e dalla compliance del piccolo pz. Restano necessari ulteriori studi clinici randomizzati multicentrici con follow-up >24 mesi per creare protocolli standardizzati, nel prevenire il PEB e valutare trattamenti "add-on" emergenti, es: Ozono, PBM, aPDT.
Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization e l'Igienista Dentale: Screening, Prevenzione e Trattamento non Chirurgico; una Revisione della Letteratura
FORCOLIN, LEONARDO
2024/2025
Abstract
Title: Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization and the Dental Hygienist: Screening, Prevention and Non-Surgical Treatment - A literature review Background. Molar–Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) is a qualitative enamel defect in childhood that primarily affects the first permanent molars and, less frequently, the central incisors. It is often associated with hypersensitivity, dental caries and posteruptive enamel breakdown (PEB), aesthetic concerns, and a measurable impact on oral health–related quality of life (OHRQoL). The dental hygienist is a key professional in screening, prevention, and non-surgical management. Objective. To clarify the proposed non-invasive treatments and to define the role, competencies, and operational workflows of the dental hygienist in screening, prevention, and non-surgical management of MIH across severity classifications, in relation to the main products currently available. Materials and Methods. Structured narrative review of 27 studies (randomized clinical trials, prospective/retrospective studies, cross-sectional studies, in-vitro research, reviews, and protocols) selected from the provided dossier. Extracted items: study design, sample, MIH severity (EAPD/MIH-TNI criteria), non-invasive interventions (hydroxyapatite [HAP]/zinc-HAP, casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate [CPP-ACP], professional fluoride applications, glass ionomer/resin sealants, silver diamine fluoride [SDF]/SMART, resin infiltration; ozone/photobiomodulation [PBM]/antimicrobial photodynamic therapy [aPDT]), outcomes (Wong-Baker Faces Scale [WBFS]/Schiff Cold Air Sensitivity Scale [SCASS], caries/PEB, retention, ΔE, OHRQoL/Child Perceptions Questionnaire [CPQ]) and follow-up. Results. HAP/Zn-HAP reduces hypersensitivity within 1–8 weeks and is non-inferior to 1,400-ppm fluoride for pain control; CPP-ACP shows a moderate benefit on hypersensitivity and remineralization comparable to fluoride. Glass ionomer sealants lower caries risk but do not prevent PEB. Resin-based sealants demonstrate better retention when isolation is adequate; resin infiltration provides a significant aesthetic benefit for anterior lesions. SDF/SMART are highly effective, minimally invasive strategies for occlusal cavities. The hygienist is crucial for screening at 6–10 years, targeted anamnesis, education in oral hygiene and dietary counseling, home desensitizing/remineralizing regimens, early sealing with retention monitoring, 4–12-week recalls, and— in more severe cases—collaboration with the specialist dentist to evaluate more invasive options. Conclusions. Hygienist-led non-surgical strategies are effective for pain control, caries prevention, and improvement of quality of life. Material selection should be guided by disease staging, teeth involved, and paediatric patient compliance. Further multicentre randomized clinical trials with >24-month follow-up are needed to standardize protocols, prevent PEB, and evaluate emerging “add-on” therapies (e.g., ozone, PBM, aPDT).| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/98416