The democratisation of a country does not end with the end of an authoritarian regime, but requires a complex and articulated process involving multiple actors and structures. In this paper, we have chosen to analyse the case of the Republic of Korea, following the theoretical model elaborated by Juan J. Linz and Alfred Stepan, which identifies five fundamental arenas for democratic transition and consolidation. The first part then presents this paradigm, with the aim of providing the theoretical tools useful for analysing the concrete case. The second chapter traces the main historical and political transitions that marked South Korea after the Second World War, from the personalistic Rhee regime to the military dictatorship, up to the 1987 uprisings and the subsequent constitutional reform. The third chapter is devoted to the democratic transition itself, analysed through the five arenas proposed by Linz and Stepan, with a focus on the role played by civil society, institutions and international actors. Finally, the last part of the paper focuses on democratic consolidation, questioning the current state of the South Korean political system and its future prospects.
La democratizzazione di un Paese non si esaurisce con la fine di un regime autoritario, ma richiede un processo complesso e articolato che coinvolge molteplici attori e strutture. In questo elaborato si è scelto di analizzare il caso della Repubblica di Corea, seguendo il modello teorico elaborato da Juan J. Linz e Alfred Stepan, che individua cinque arene fondamentali per la transizione e il consolidamento democratici. Nella prima parte viene quindi presentato questo paradigma, con l’obiettivo di fornire gli strumenti teorici utili per l’analisi del caso concreto. Il secondo capitolo ripercorre i principali passaggi storici e politici che hanno segnato la Corea del Sud nel secondo dopoguerra, dal regime personalistico di Rhee alla dittatura militare, fino alle rivolte del 1987 e alla successiva riforma costituzionale. Il terzo capitolo è dedicato alla transizione democratica vera e propria, analizzata attraverso le cinque arene proposte da Linz e Stepan, con particolare attenzione al ruolo giocato dalla società civile, dalle istituzioni e dagli attori internazionali. Infine, l’ultima parte dell’elaborato si concentra sul consolidamento democratico, interrogandosi sullo stato attuale del sistema politico sudcoreano e sulle sue prospettive future.
La democratizzazione della Repubblica di Corea
MORANDO, NICOLA
2024/2025
Abstract
The democratisation of a country does not end with the end of an authoritarian regime, but requires a complex and articulated process involving multiple actors and structures. In this paper, we have chosen to analyse the case of the Republic of Korea, following the theoretical model elaborated by Juan J. Linz and Alfred Stepan, which identifies five fundamental arenas for democratic transition and consolidation. The first part then presents this paradigm, with the aim of providing the theoretical tools useful for analysing the concrete case. The second chapter traces the main historical and political transitions that marked South Korea after the Second World War, from the personalistic Rhee regime to the military dictatorship, up to the 1987 uprisings and the subsequent constitutional reform. The third chapter is devoted to the democratic transition itself, analysed through the five arenas proposed by Linz and Stepan, with a focus on the role played by civil society, institutions and international actors. Finally, the last part of the paper focuses on democratic consolidation, questioning the current state of the South Korean political system and its future prospects.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/98505