Carbon credits are one of the main tools to tackle climate change. Created under the Kyoto Protocol and later developed through the Paris Agreement, they allow greenhouse gas emissions to be offset through environmental projects carried out around the world. This thesis examines how carbon markets work and their geopolitical implications, focusing on the role of the Global South as the main supplier of credits. The first chapter explains the basics and the differences between compliance and voluntary markets. The second highlights their technical, social, and environmental limits. The third compares how carbon credits are used in industrialised and developing countries. Drawing on academic sources, institutional reports, and case studies, the research sheds light on the tensions between the Global North and South and reflects on the potential of carbon credits as a fair tool for climate transition.
I crediti di carbonio sono uno degli strumenti principali per contrastare il cambiamento climatico. Nati con il Protocollo di Kyoto e sviluppati con l’Accordo di Parigi, permettono di compensare le emissioni di gas serra attraverso progetti ambientali realizzati in diverse parti del mondo. Questa tesi analizza come funzionano i mercati del carbonio e le loro implicazioni geopolitiche, con particolare attenzione al ruolo del Sud Globale, che fornisce la maggior parte dei crediti. Il primo capitolo spiega le basi e le differenze tra mercati obbligatori e volontari. Il secondo ne evidenzia i limiti tecnici, sociali e ambientali. Il terzo confronta l’uso dei crediti nei paesi industrializzati e in quelli in via di sviluppo. Attraverso fonti accademiche, rapporti istituzionali e casi di studio, la ricerca mette in luce le tensioni tra Nord e Sud del mondo e riflette sul potenziale dei crediti di carbonio come strumento per una transizione climatica più equa.
Carbon Credits and the Global South: Market Structures, Governance and Climate Compensation Mechanisms
DE POLI, CECILIA
2024/2025
Abstract
Carbon credits are one of the main tools to tackle climate change. Created under the Kyoto Protocol and later developed through the Paris Agreement, they allow greenhouse gas emissions to be offset through environmental projects carried out around the world. This thesis examines how carbon markets work and their geopolitical implications, focusing on the role of the Global South as the main supplier of credits. The first chapter explains the basics and the differences between compliance and voluntary markets. The second highlights their technical, social, and environmental limits. The third compares how carbon credits are used in industrialised and developing countries. Drawing on academic sources, institutional reports, and case studies, the research sheds light on the tensions between the Global North and South and reflects on the potential of carbon credits as a fair tool for climate transition.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/98606