This thesis aims to explore the current state of health of democracy, considering the growing signs of political disaffection, such as the erosion of trust in democratic institutions and the decline in participation in public decision-making processes. Attention will be given to the parabolic trajectory of democracies which, after their post-war affirmation, the consolidation of procedures, and the promotion of egalitarian principles, are now undergoing a slow process of deterioration. The possible causes of this change will therefore be explored, with particular focus on the transition toward a neoliberal economic and political paradigm and how the latter has shaped societies and democratic institutions, establishing itself as hegemonic in the global context. The economic, political, and social framework preceding the neoliberal turn will be analyzed, followed by an examination of the causes at the root of the rise of the new doctrine, its characteristics, its theoretical foundations, and the historical developments useful to better understand the phenomenon. A second part of the thesis aims to examine the complex relationship between neoliberal principles, and the outcomes of their adoption, and democracy. The study will be conducted through an investigation into the quality of democracy, starting from the dimensions proposed by Leonardo Morlino, and by means of a comparative analysis of the main indicators of inequality and political participation. The inquiry will be further enriched by the analysis of a relevant historical case. The Chilean transition to neoliberalism, which followed the military coup orchestrated by Augusto Pinochet against the democratically elected government of Salvador Allende, will be examined. The study will focus on the condition of Chile before and after the coup, emphasizing the main drivers and international interferences. The case of the Andean state will be assessed as the first experimental ground of neoliberal theory, implemented at the expense of a democratic system. In conclusion, a brief analysis will be carried out on the repercussions of the authoritarian turn on the present.
La presente tesi si propone di esaminare lo stato di salute attuale della democrazia, alla luce dei segnali di aumento della disaffezione politica, quali l’erosione della fiducia nelle istituzioni democratiche e il calo della partecipazione ai processi decisionali pubblici. L’attenzione sarà posta sull’andamento parabolico delle democrazie, le quali, dopo l’affermazione post-bellica, il consolidamento delle procedure e la promozione di principi egualitari, affrontano ora un lento processo di logoramento. Saranno dunque esplorate le possibili cause di tale mutamento, prestando particolare attenzione alla transizione verso un paradigma economico e politico di stampo neoliberista e di come quest’ultimo abbia plasmato le società e le istituzioni democratiche e si sia reso egemone nel contesto globale. Sarà analizzato il quadro economico, politico e sociale precedente alla svolta neoliberista, per poi esaminare le cause dell’ascesa della nuova dottrina, le sue caratteristiche, i fondamenti teorici che vi sono alla base e i passaggi storici utili a comprendere il fenomeno. Una seconda parte mira a esaminare il complesso rapporto tra i principi neoliberisti, e i risultati la loro adozione ha prodotto, e la democrazia. Lo studio sarà condotto tramite un approfondimento sulla qualità della democrazia a partire dalle dimensioni di variazione proposte da Leonardo Morlino, e mediante un’analisi comparativa dei principali indicatori della disuguaglianza e della partecipazione politica. L’indagine sarà integrata dall’analisi di un caso storico rilevante. Verrà esaminata la transizione cilena al neoliberismo, avvenuta in seguito al colpo di stato militare orchestrato da Augusto Pinochet contro il governo democraticamente eletto di Salvador Allende. Lo studio si focalizzerà sulla condizione del Cile prima e dopo il golpe, soffermandosi sui moventi principali e sulle ingerenze internazionali. Il caso dello stato andino sarà valutato in quanto primo terreno sperimentale della teoria neoliberista, concretizzata ai danni di un sistema democratico. In conclusione, verrà effettuata una breve analisi sulle ripercussioni della svolta autoritaria sul presente.
La transizione neoliberista alla radice della crisi della democrazia e della disaffezione politica
ESPOSITO, LORENZO
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis aims to explore the current state of health of democracy, considering the growing signs of political disaffection, such as the erosion of trust in democratic institutions and the decline in participation in public decision-making processes. Attention will be given to the parabolic trajectory of democracies which, after their post-war affirmation, the consolidation of procedures, and the promotion of egalitarian principles, are now undergoing a slow process of deterioration. The possible causes of this change will therefore be explored, with particular focus on the transition toward a neoliberal economic and political paradigm and how the latter has shaped societies and democratic institutions, establishing itself as hegemonic in the global context. The economic, political, and social framework preceding the neoliberal turn will be analyzed, followed by an examination of the causes at the root of the rise of the new doctrine, its characteristics, its theoretical foundations, and the historical developments useful to better understand the phenomenon. A second part of the thesis aims to examine the complex relationship between neoliberal principles, and the outcomes of their adoption, and democracy. The study will be conducted through an investigation into the quality of democracy, starting from the dimensions proposed by Leonardo Morlino, and by means of a comparative analysis of the main indicators of inequality and political participation. The inquiry will be further enriched by the analysis of a relevant historical case. The Chilean transition to neoliberalism, which followed the military coup orchestrated by Augusto Pinochet against the democratically elected government of Salvador Allende, will be examined. The study will focus on the condition of Chile before and after the coup, emphasizing the main drivers and international interferences. The case of the Andean state will be assessed as the first experimental ground of neoliberal theory, implemented at the expense of a democratic system. In conclusion, a brief analysis will be carried out on the repercussions of the authoritarian turn on the present.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/98613