Residential Schools in Canada represented a central instrument of forced assimilation policies toward Indigenous peoples, leading to profound violations of human and cultural rights. This research analyzes the phenomenon in its historical, legal, and political evolution, highlighting how colonial legislation, particularly the Indian Act and assimilationist measures, constructed an institutional system based on the denial of Indigenous identities. The research focuses on the international and Canadian legal framework concerning the protection of Indigenous peoples’ rights. The main instruments are examined, such as ILO Convention No. 169 and the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP), together with Canadian policies and case law, shedding light on the contradictions between international standards and domestic implementation. The analysis also focuses on the legal and social consequences of these violations, with reference to the suppression of cultural rights, the fragmentation of communities, and the intergenerational transmission of harm. The paper thus aims to highlight the tension between colonial assimilation logics and the principles of legal protection of human rights, questioning the ability of national and international institutions to provide effective tools for reconciliation and the restoration of cultural rights for Indigenous communities.
Le Residential Schools in Canada sono state uno degli strumenti principali delle politiche di assimilazione forzata rivolte alle popolazioni indigene, causando gravi violazioni dei diritti umani e culturali. Questo lavoro analizza il fenomeno nel suo sviluppo storico, giuridico e politico, mettendo in evidenza come la legislazione coloniale, in particolare l’Indian Act e altre misure assimilazioniste, abbia creato un sistema istituzionale basato sulla negazione delle identità indigene. La ricerca si concentra in particolare sul quadro normativo internazionale e canadese legato alla tutela dei diritti dei popoli indigeni. Vengono presi in esame strumenti come la Convenzione ILO n. 169 e la Dichiarazione ONU sui diritti dei popoli indigeni (UNDRIP), insieme a politiche e sentenze canadesi, per mostrare le contraddizioni tra gli standard internazionali e la loro applicazione pratica in Canada. L’analisi considera anche le conseguenze giuridiche e sociali di queste violazioni, come la perdita dei diritti culturali, la frammentazione delle comunità e la trasmissione del trauma alle generazioni successive. L’obiettivo dell’elaborato è mettere in luce la tensione tra le logiche di assimilazione coloniale e i principi di tutela dei diritti umani, interrogandosi sulla capacità delle istituzioni, nazionali e internazionali, di offrire strumenti davvero efficaci per la riconciliazione e per il recupero dei diritti culturali delle comunità indigene.
Residential Schools in Canada: identità culturale tra assimilazione forzata e tutela giuridica
EZEUNALA, BENEDETTA TOBECHI
2024/2025
Abstract
Residential Schools in Canada represented a central instrument of forced assimilation policies toward Indigenous peoples, leading to profound violations of human and cultural rights. This research analyzes the phenomenon in its historical, legal, and political evolution, highlighting how colonial legislation, particularly the Indian Act and assimilationist measures, constructed an institutional system based on the denial of Indigenous identities. The research focuses on the international and Canadian legal framework concerning the protection of Indigenous peoples’ rights. The main instruments are examined, such as ILO Convention No. 169 and the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP), together with Canadian policies and case law, shedding light on the contradictions between international standards and domestic implementation. The analysis also focuses on the legal and social consequences of these violations, with reference to the suppression of cultural rights, the fragmentation of communities, and the intergenerational transmission of harm. The paper thus aims to highlight the tension between colonial assimilation logics and the principles of legal protection of human rights, questioning the ability of national and international institutions to provide effective tools for reconciliation and the restoration of cultural rights for Indigenous communities.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/98615