“The world can never be at peace unless people have security in their daily lives”. This is the opening statement of the 1994 Human Development Report, the first official United Nations document which attempts to analyse security from a new perspective, that of Human security. This thesis examines the evolution of the concept of security, starting from the recognition of nation-states under the Peace of Westphalia, analysing the transformations of the international assets, and tracing their development up to present days. Whitin this framework, characterized by the influence of interdependence and globalization and from the new emerging threats of the 21st century, Human security stands out as new perspective that places the human person and their needs at center, with the purpose not only to ensure the mere survival of individuals on earth, but also to guarantee a life worth living. This work explores the origins of this paradigm, its components, and the process that led to its establishment within institutional debates at the United Nations and that led to the adoption of the General Assembly resolution 66/290. Special attention is given to the case of Japan, a nation that was able to embrace the principles of Human security implementing them both on the national and the international level. This country played an essential role in its promotion through the creation, together with the United Nations, of a dedicated trust fund, as well as through the implementation of emergency assistance mission under its Official Development Assistance (ODA) program. In the end, a comparison between the National Security Strategy of 2013 and 2022 allows to reflect on Japan’s effective integration of the paradigm, without forgetting, throughout the analysis, the critical issues and limitations that such complex perspective raise at a practical level.
“The world can never be at peace unless people have security in their daily lives”. Questa è la frase con cui si apre lo Human Development Report del 1994, il primo documento delle Nazioni Unite che si propone di analizzare la sicurezza sotto una nuova ottica, quella della Human Security. Questo lavoro di tesi analizza l’evoluzione del concetto di sicurezza, partendo dal riconoscimento degli stati nazionali con la pace di Westfalia, analizzando il mutamento degli assetti internazionali e arrivando fino ai giorni nostri. In questo quadro, caratterizzato dall’influenza dei processi di interdipendenza e globalizzazione e dalle nuove minacce emergenti nel XXI secolo, spicca la Human security, una nuova prospettiva che mette al centro la persona umana e i suoi bisogni, al fine di garantire non soltanto la mera sopravvivenza dell’individuo sulla terra, ma una vita degna di essere vissuta. In questa sede, vengono approfondite le origini di questo paradigma, le sue componenti e i processi che lo hanno portato ad affermarsi nel dibattito istituzionale in seno alle Nazioni Unite e che hanno contribuito all’adozione della risoluzione 66/290 dell’Assemblea Generale. Particolare attenzione è dedicata al caso del Giappone, una nazione che ha saputo far propri i principi della Human security implementandoli sia a livello interno che internazionale. Questo paese ha ricoperto un ruolo centrale nella sua promozione con la creazione, in collaborazione con le Nazioni Unite, di un apposito fondo di investimento e l’attuazione di missioni di assistenza emergenziale tramite il suo programma di Official Development Assistance (ODA) Infine, un confronto tra le National Security Strategy del 2013 e del 2022 consente di riflettere sull’effettiva integrazione giapponese del paradigma, senza tralasciare, nel corso di tutta l’analisi, le criticità e i limiti che a livello pratico una prospettiva così complessa solleva.
Dalla sicurezza nazionale alla Human security: il caso giapponese
GENNARI, FRANCESCA
2024/2025
Abstract
“The world can never be at peace unless people have security in their daily lives”. This is the opening statement of the 1994 Human Development Report, the first official United Nations document which attempts to analyse security from a new perspective, that of Human security. This thesis examines the evolution of the concept of security, starting from the recognition of nation-states under the Peace of Westphalia, analysing the transformations of the international assets, and tracing their development up to present days. Whitin this framework, characterized by the influence of interdependence and globalization and from the new emerging threats of the 21st century, Human security stands out as new perspective that places the human person and their needs at center, with the purpose not only to ensure the mere survival of individuals on earth, but also to guarantee a life worth living. This work explores the origins of this paradigm, its components, and the process that led to its establishment within institutional debates at the United Nations and that led to the adoption of the General Assembly resolution 66/290. Special attention is given to the case of Japan, a nation that was able to embrace the principles of Human security implementing them both on the national and the international level. This country played an essential role in its promotion through the creation, together with the United Nations, of a dedicated trust fund, as well as through the implementation of emergency assistance mission under its Official Development Assistance (ODA) program. In the end, a comparison between the National Security Strategy of 2013 and 2022 allows to reflect on Japan’s effective integration of the paradigm, without forgetting, throughout the analysis, the critical issues and limitations that such complex perspective raise at a practical level.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/98629