The Black Sea has re-emerged as one of the most dynamic and contested regions in the European and Eurasian security landscape. This thesis investigates the evolution of the Black Sea as a geopolitical and strategic system through a comparative analysis of two key littoral states: Turkey and Romania. By integrating historical, theoretical and empirical perspectives, the research examines how both countries redefine their regional roles and strategic orientations in response to shifting power dynamics, economic interdependence and the impact of the Russia-Ukraine conflict. Grounded in the analytical frameworks of neoclassical realism, role theory and middle power theory, the study explores how domestic priorities interact with systemic pressures and alliance commitments to shape national strategies. Turkey’s multidirectional diplomacy, strategic autonomy and mediation efforts are contrasted with Romania’s institutional alignment with NATO and the European Union, its defence modernisation and its role as a stabilising frontier of the Euro-Atlantic space. The comparative analysis demonstrates that while their approaches differ, both states contribute decisively to regional resilience, maritime security and the management of hybrid threats. The findings suggest that the Black Sea, once a space of cooperation, has transformed into a fragmented strategic arena where competition, deterrence and selective cooperation coexist. Nevertheless, Turkey and Romania exemplify the adaptive capacities of middle powers: their strategies of coordination, crisis management and pragmatic diplomacy highlight the potential for regional agency and the reconstruction of order within an environment of persistent uncertainty.
Il Mar Nero è riemerso come una delle aree più dinamiche e contese del panorama di sicurezza europeo ed eurasiatico. La presente tesi analizza l’evoluzione del Mar Nero come sistema geopolitico e strategico attraverso un confronto tra due attori litoranei fondamentali: la Turchia e la Romania. Integrando prospettive storiche, teoriche ed empiriche, la ricerca indaga come entrambi i Paesi ridefiniscano i propri ruoli regionali e le proprie strategie in risposta al mutamento degli equilibri di potere, all’interdipendenza economica e agli effetti del conflitto russo-ucraino. Basata sui riferimenti teorici del neorealismo classico, della role theory e della teoria delle potenze medie, l’analisi esamina l’interazione tra priorità interne, pressioni sistemiche e vincoli alleati che orientano le scelte strategiche nazionali. La diplomazia multidirezionale e l’autonomia strategica della Turchia vengono messe a confronto con l’allineamento istituzionale della Romania alla NATO e all’Unione Europea, la sua modernizzazione difensiva e il suo ruolo di frontiera stabilizzatrice dello spazio euro-atlantico. Il confronto mostra che, pur attraverso approcci diversi, entrambi gli Stati contribuiscono in modo decisivo alla resilienza regionale, alla sicurezza marittima e alla gestione delle minacce ibride. I risultati indicano che il Mar Nero, un tempo spazio di cooperazione, si è trasformato in un’arena strategica frammentata, in cui competizione, deterrenza e cooperazione selettiva convivono. Tuttavia, la Turchia e la Romania rappresentano esempi significativi di adattabilità delle potenze medie: le loro strategie di coordinamento, gestione delle crisi e diplomazia pragmatica evidenziano il potenziale di agenzia regionale e la possibilità di ricostruire forme di ordine in un contesto di persistente incertezza.
The Black Sea at the Crossroads of Eurasia: Romania, Turkey and the Future of Regional Security
DOBOS, BEATRICE DENISE
2024/2025
Abstract
The Black Sea has re-emerged as one of the most dynamic and contested regions in the European and Eurasian security landscape. This thesis investigates the evolution of the Black Sea as a geopolitical and strategic system through a comparative analysis of two key littoral states: Turkey and Romania. By integrating historical, theoretical and empirical perspectives, the research examines how both countries redefine their regional roles and strategic orientations in response to shifting power dynamics, economic interdependence and the impact of the Russia-Ukraine conflict. Grounded in the analytical frameworks of neoclassical realism, role theory and middle power theory, the study explores how domestic priorities interact with systemic pressures and alliance commitments to shape national strategies. Turkey’s multidirectional diplomacy, strategic autonomy and mediation efforts are contrasted with Romania’s institutional alignment with NATO and the European Union, its defence modernisation and its role as a stabilising frontier of the Euro-Atlantic space. The comparative analysis demonstrates that while their approaches differ, both states contribute decisively to regional resilience, maritime security and the management of hybrid threats. The findings suggest that the Black Sea, once a space of cooperation, has transformed into a fragmented strategic arena where competition, deterrence and selective cooperation coexist. Nevertheless, Turkey and Romania exemplify the adaptive capacities of middle powers: their strategies of coordination, crisis management and pragmatic diplomacy highlight the potential for regional agency and the reconstruction of order within an environment of persistent uncertainty.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/98679