Gender – based violence (GBV) against migrant women represents a serious and persistent issue within the European asylum framework, however, it often remains insufficiently recognized and addressed. This thesis examines the intersection between migration, gender and European refugee law: focusing on the invisibility of GBV in asylum procedures and the limits created in the protection of women; the aim of this research is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current European context by analysing legal standards and key judicial interpretations, using a multidisciplinary approach that combines legal analysis with human rights perspectives, in order to assess how European policies react to specific risks faced by migrant women. Findings indicate that while significant progress has been made, reflected in growing legal recognition and political awareness, important gaps persist: GBV often lacks sufficient visibility as a basis for asylum and protection tools remain inadequate. Obstacles such as stringent requirements for refugee status, difficulties in validating trauma – related claims and failures in state protection continue to threaten the rights of migrant women. This work also focuses on the broader dimensions of European migration governance, including the impact of external policies and cooperation with third countries, which influence the protection of migrant women beyond EU borders; this highlights ongoing accountability hurdles and the need for a comprehensive, human rights – based approach that integrates gender considerations at all levels of migration governance. Overall, the study contributes to the debate by outlining the current scenario of gender – sensitive asylum law in Europe and expressing the urgent need for more inclusive and effective protection frameworks for migrant women experiencing violence.
La violenza di genere (GBV) esercitata nei confronti delle donne migranti rappresenta una problematica grave e persistente nel quadro migratorio europeo. Tuttavia, essa continua ad essere insufficientemente riconosciuta ed affrontata. Questa tesi analizza l’intersezione tra migrazione, genere e diritto europeo in materia di asilo, concentrandosi sull’invisibilità della GBV nelle procedure di protezione internazionale e sui limiti nella tutela dei diritti delle donne. L’obiettivo della ricerca è offrire una panoramica approfondita del contesto europeo attuale, attraverso l’analisi degli standard normativi e delle principali interpretazioni giurisprudenziali, adottando un approccio multidisciplinare che coniuga l’analisi giuridica con la prospettiva dei diritti umani. Lo scopo è valutare come le politiche europee rispondano ai rischi specifici affrontati dalle donne migranti. I risultati evidenziano che, nonostante i significativi progressi compiuti, testimoniati da un crescente riconoscimento legale e da una maggiore attenzione politica, persistono lacune sostanziali: la violenza di genere continua a non ricevere adeguata considerazione come base per la concessione dell’asilo e gli strumenti di protezione risultano ancora insufficienti; tra gli ostacoli principali si segnalano requisiti stringenti per ottenere lo status di rifugiato, difficoltà nella valutazione delle richieste legate a traumi e gravi carenze nella protezione garantita dagli Stati. Questa analisi prende inoltre in esame le dimensioni più ampie della governance migratoria europea, incluso l’impatto delle politiche esterne e della cooperazione con Paesi terzi, che condizionano la tutela delle donne migranti anche oltre i confini dell’Unione. Tale quadro mette in luce persistenti criticità in materia di responsabilità e sottolinea l’esigenza di un approccio globale, fondato sui diritti umani, che integri la dimensione di genere in tutti i livelli della governance migratoria; questo studio delinea l’attuale scenario della normativa europea in materia di asilo sensibile alle questioni di genere e sottolineando l’urgenza di sviluppare quadri di protezione più inclusivi ed efficaci per le donne migranti vittime di violenza.
Between Violence and Silence: Gender - Based Violence against Migrant Women and the Limits of European Refugee Law
DE NARDI, FRANCESCA
2024/2025
Abstract
Gender – based violence (GBV) against migrant women represents a serious and persistent issue within the European asylum framework, however, it often remains insufficiently recognized and addressed. This thesis examines the intersection between migration, gender and European refugee law: focusing on the invisibility of GBV in asylum procedures and the limits created in the protection of women; the aim of this research is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current European context by analysing legal standards and key judicial interpretations, using a multidisciplinary approach that combines legal analysis with human rights perspectives, in order to assess how European policies react to specific risks faced by migrant women. Findings indicate that while significant progress has been made, reflected in growing legal recognition and political awareness, important gaps persist: GBV often lacks sufficient visibility as a basis for asylum and protection tools remain inadequate. Obstacles such as stringent requirements for refugee status, difficulties in validating trauma – related claims and failures in state protection continue to threaten the rights of migrant women. This work also focuses on the broader dimensions of European migration governance, including the impact of external policies and cooperation with third countries, which influence the protection of migrant women beyond EU borders; this highlights ongoing accountability hurdles and the need for a comprehensive, human rights – based approach that integrates gender considerations at all levels of migration governance. Overall, the study contributes to the debate by outlining the current scenario of gender – sensitive asylum law in Europe and expressing the urgent need for more inclusive and effective protection frameworks for migrant women experiencing violence.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/98733