The figure of Bishop Clemens August von Galen remains, to this day, relatively unknown within the Italian academic and cultural context. This thesis seeks to draw attention to this extraordinary protagonist of Catholic resistance to the National Socialist regime, with particular emphasis on his interpretation of Nazism, which was already firmly established in Germany at the beginning of his episcopate. The analysis focuses on the socio-religious character of Hitler’s totalitarianism, demonstrating how it came to be structured as a true political religion. This transformation was achieved through the construction of a cult based on the myth of the Führer, the sacralization of race, and collective ritual practices—ultimately aiming to replace the traditional religions most widespread within the Reich. The Nazi government clearly sought not only political but also spiritual dominance, striving to either replace existing religions or reduce them to total subjugation. This intent applied to any institution deemed sufficiently powerful to pose a threat to Hitler’s regime. The thesis centers on von Galen’s opposition to this ideological perversion. As a key figure within German Catholicism, he publicly denounced the idolatrous and totalitarian tendencies of the regime, interpreting them as a pseudo-religious distortion of political power. Through the analysis of his sermons, pastoral letters, and public statements, a profound critique emerges—extending beyond ethical and political considerations to include theological and socio-religious dimensions. The result is the portrait of a Church leader who, in the midst of a devastatingly oppressive system, became a spokesperson for spiritual resistance against an ideology that aspired to establish itself as an absolute religion. Von Galen’s figure thus invites reflection on the role of religion in society and on the dangers inherent in the sacralization of politics within totalitarian—or comparable—contexts.
La figura del vescovo Von Galen è, a tutt'oggi, ancora poco conosciuta nel panorama accademico e culturale italiano. Il presente elaborato si propone di portare all'attenzione questo straordinario protagonista della resistenza cattolica al regime nazionalsocialista, con particolare riferimento alla sua interpretazione del Nazionalsocialismo, già imperante in Germania all’inizio del suo episcopato. Tale analisi pone l'accento sul carattere socio-religioso del totalitarismo hitleriano, evidenziando come esso si sia strutturato, come una vera e propria religione politica. Tutto ciò fu realizzato costruendo un culto fondato sul mito del Führer, sulla sacralizzazione della razza e sulla ritualità collettiva, fino a sostituirsi, nei fatti, alle religioni tradizionali più diffuse nel Reich. La volontà del governo Nazista era chiaramente di predominio anche spirituale, per arrivare alla sostituzione delle religioni o, perlomeno, al loro soggiogamento totale. Ciò avveniva nei confronti di qualsiasi istituzione, o simile, potente costituire un pericolo per il potere del governo di Hitler. L’elaborato si concentra sull’opposizione di von Galen, figura chiave del cattolicesimo tedesco, il quale denunciò pubblicamente la deriva idolatrica e totalitaria del regime, interpretandola come una perversione pseudo-religiosa del potere politico. Attraverso l’analisi delle sue prediche, lettere pastorali e prese di posizione pubbliche, emerge una critica profonda non solo sul piano etico e politico, ma anche su quello teologico e socio-religioso. Ne risulta il ritratto di un uomo di Chiesa che, nel pieno di un sistema oppressivo così devastante, si fece portavoce di una resistenza spirituale contro un’ideologia che pretendeva di farsi anche religione assoluta. La figura di von Galen consente così di riflettere sul ruolo della religione nella società, e sul pericolo insito nella sacralizzazione della politica in contesti totalitari o similari.
Il Nazionalsocialismo come religione nella visione del vescovo Von Galen
POSSAMAI, JOSHUA
2024/2025
Abstract
The figure of Bishop Clemens August von Galen remains, to this day, relatively unknown within the Italian academic and cultural context. This thesis seeks to draw attention to this extraordinary protagonist of Catholic resistance to the National Socialist regime, with particular emphasis on his interpretation of Nazism, which was already firmly established in Germany at the beginning of his episcopate. The analysis focuses on the socio-religious character of Hitler’s totalitarianism, demonstrating how it came to be structured as a true political religion. This transformation was achieved through the construction of a cult based on the myth of the Führer, the sacralization of race, and collective ritual practices—ultimately aiming to replace the traditional religions most widespread within the Reich. The Nazi government clearly sought not only political but also spiritual dominance, striving to either replace existing religions or reduce them to total subjugation. This intent applied to any institution deemed sufficiently powerful to pose a threat to Hitler’s regime. The thesis centers on von Galen’s opposition to this ideological perversion. As a key figure within German Catholicism, he publicly denounced the idolatrous and totalitarian tendencies of the regime, interpreting them as a pseudo-religious distortion of political power. Through the analysis of his sermons, pastoral letters, and public statements, a profound critique emerges—extending beyond ethical and political considerations to include theological and socio-religious dimensions. The result is the portrait of a Church leader who, in the midst of a devastatingly oppressive system, became a spokesperson for spiritual resistance against an ideology that aspired to establish itself as an absolute religion. Von Galen’s figure thus invites reflection on the role of religion in society and on the dangers inherent in the sacralization of politics within totalitarian—or comparable—contexts.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/98870