Introduction: Eating and Nutrition Disorders (ENDs), increasingly represent a problem of public health, reaching the levels of a silent epidemic. Furthermore, the decrease in the average age of onset of these disorders and the greater spread even among the male population are also worrying. For these reasons, it is increasingly important to find possible explanations underlying the development of the disorder and new specific rehabilitation paths based on scientific evidence. Aims of the study: The present study, which has its theoretical frame in the theory of grounded cognition, in the role of psycholinguistics as the basis of mental representations and in embodiment, has as its objective to investigate to what extent the sensorimotor bases of the concepts vary in relation to the stimulus presented. The research analyzes how concepts related to food and objects are perceived through the six sensory dimensions (interoception, taste, smell, sight, hearing, touch) and through the execution of an action. The investigation focused on the role of different levels of food processing and the analysis of sensorimotor simulation resulting from the semantic perception of words. Methods: The Sensorimotor Questionnaire was developed at the University of Padua from the Lancaster Sensorimotor Norms and the Italian Sensorimotor Norms. Participants were asked to fill out the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) and the Nine Item ARFID Screen (NIAS). Next, the 75 words regarding foods and objects were presented, for which participants indicated the level of familiarity, the extent to which they perceived each concept through sensory modalities, and by performing an action. The judgments were evaluated through the use of the Likert scale, attributing a value from 0 to 5 for each investigation mode. For the words related to foods, health was also assessed, and dimensions related to linking, fera, and desire were investigated, always expressed on a Likert scale from 0 to 5. Results:The analysis of the results showed that people with anorexia nervosa present a degree of mental simulation related to foods that is significantly lower than controls for all the perceptual modalities investigated, except for interoception, which follows the reverse trend. Also significant are the results related to the motor action associated with the mental simulation, which highlight a relevant reduction in people with anorexia nervosa compared to the control sample. Conclusions: From the results of the study, it can be concluded that the population affected by anorexia nervosa simulates food-related concepts to a lesser extent. Reading the words related to foods is enough to activate internal sensations linked to anxious states and concerns regarding the foods investigated. Behavior associated with the mental representation evoked by stimuli is significantly reduced. What emerged is consistent with the symptoms linked to eating disorders, especially in the avoidant and restrictive forms. This study may be the subject of subsequent reviews with a view to the future development of possible specific rehabilitation interventions based on the results obtained. Keywords: Eating and Nutrition Disorders; Perception; Sensory Modalities; Alterations; Multimodal/Multisensory Integration; Rehabilitation Intervention.
Introduzione: I Disturbi della Nutrizione e dell’Alimentazione, rappresentano sempre di più un problema di sanità pubblica, raggiungendo i livelli di un’epidemia silenziosa. Preoccupante è, inoltre, anche la diminuzione dell’età media di insorgenza di tali disturbi e la maggior diffusione anche tra la popolazione di sesso maschile. Per questi motivi, risulta sempre più importante trovare possibili spiegazioni alla base dello sviluppo del disturbo e nuovi percorsi riabilitativi specifici basati su evidenze scientifiche. Scopi dello studio: Il presente studio, che affonda la sua cornice teorica nella teoria della cognizione radicata, nel ruolo della psicolinguistica come base delle rappresentazioni mentali e nell’embodiment, si pone come obiettivo quello di indagare in quale misura variano le basi sensorimotorie dei concetti in relazione allo stimolo presentato. La ricerca analizza come i concetti relativi al cibo e agli oggetti, vengano percepiti attraverso le sei dimensioni sensoriali (interocezione, gusto, olfatto, vista, udito, tatto) e tramite l’esecuzione di un’azione. L’indagine si è concentrata sul ruolo dei differenti livelli di processazione degli alimenti e sull’analisi della simulazione sensorimotoria derivante dalla percezione semantica delle parole. Metodi: Il questionario sensorimotorio è stato sviluppato presso l’Università di Padova a partire dalle Lancaster Sensorimotor Norms e dalle Italian Sensorimotor Norms. Ai partecipanti è stato chiesto di compilare l’Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q), il Nine Item ARFID screen (NIAS). Successivamente sono state presentate le 75 parole riguardanti cibi e oggetti, per le quali i partecipanti hanno indicato il livello di familiarità, la misura in cui percepivano ciascun concetto attraverso le modalità sensoriali e tramite l’esecuzione di un’azione. I giudizi sono stati valutati attraverso l’utilizzo della scala Likert, attribuendo un valore da 0 a 5 per ogni modalità di indagine. Per le parole relative agli alimenti, è stata inoltre valutata la salubrità e indagate le dimensioni relative al gradimento, al timore e al desiderio, sempre espresse in scala Likert 0-5. Risultati: Dall’analisi dei risultati è emerso che le persone affette da anoressia nervosa presentano un grado di simulazione mentale relativo agli alimenti, significativamente inferiore rispetto ai controlli, per tutte le modalità percettive indagate, fatta eccezione per l’interocezione che segue il trend inverso. Significativi anche i risultati correlati all’azione motoria associata alla simulazione mentale, che evidenziano una rilevante riduzione nelle persone con anoressia nervosa, rispetto al campione di controllo. Conclusioni: Dai risultati dello studio si può concludere che la popolazione affetta da anoressia nervosa, simula in misura minore i concetti relativi ai cibi. La sola lettura delle parole legate agli alimenti, attiva sensazioni interne legate a stati ansiosi e preoccupazione concernenti gli alimenti indagati. Il comportamento associato alla rappresentazione mentale evocata dagli stimoli è significativamente ridotto. Quanto emerso è coerente con la sintomatologia legata ai disturbi alimentari, soprattutto nelle forme di tipo evitante e restrittivo. Tale studio può essere oggetto di successive revisioni in ottica di sviluppo futuro di possibili interventi riabilitativi specifici basati sui risultati ottenuti. Parole chiave: Disturbi del comportamento alimentare; Percezione, Modalità Sensoriali, Alterazioni, Integrazione multimodale/multisensoriale, Intervento Riabilitativo
Rappresentazione multisensoriale dei concetti di cibo nei disturbi dell’alimentazione: un’analisi caso-controllo
MARTELLI, GIADA
2024/2025
Abstract
Introduction: Eating and Nutrition Disorders (ENDs), increasingly represent a problem of public health, reaching the levels of a silent epidemic. Furthermore, the decrease in the average age of onset of these disorders and the greater spread even among the male population are also worrying. For these reasons, it is increasingly important to find possible explanations underlying the development of the disorder and new specific rehabilitation paths based on scientific evidence. Aims of the study: The present study, which has its theoretical frame in the theory of grounded cognition, in the role of psycholinguistics as the basis of mental representations and in embodiment, has as its objective to investigate to what extent the sensorimotor bases of the concepts vary in relation to the stimulus presented. The research analyzes how concepts related to food and objects are perceived through the six sensory dimensions (interoception, taste, smell, sight, hearing, touch) and through the execution of an action. The investigation focused on the role of different levels of food processing and the analysis of sensorimotor simulation resulting from the semantic perception of words. Methods: The Sensorimotor Questionnaire was developed at the University of Padua from the Lancaster Sensorimotor Norms and the Italian Sensorimotor Norms. Participants were asked to fill out the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) and the Nine Item ARFID Screen (NIAS). Next, the 75 words regarding foods and objects were presented, for which participants indicated the level of familiarity, the extent to which they perceived each concept through sensory modalities, and by performing an action. The judgments were evaluated through the use of the Likert scale, attributing a value from 0 to 5 for each investigation mode. For the words related to foods, health was also assessed, and dimensions related to linking, fera, and desire were investigated, always expressed on a Likert scale from 0 to 5. Results:The analysis of the results showed that people with anorexia nervosa present a degree of mental simulation related to foods that is significantly lower than controls for all the perceptual modalities investigated, except for interoception, which follows the reverse trend. Also significant are the results related to the motor action associated with the mental simulation, which highlight a relevant reduction in people with anorexia nervosa compared to the control sample. Conclusions: From the results of the study, it can be concluded that the population affected by anorexia nervosa simulates food-related concepts to a lesser extent. Reading the words related to foods is enough to activate internal sensations linked to anxious states and concerns regarding the foods investigated. Behavior associated with the mental representation evoked by stimuli is significantly reduced. What emerged is consistent with the symptoms linked to eating disorders, especially in the avoidant and restrictive forms. This study may be the subject of subsequent reviews with a view to the future development of possible specific rehabilitation interventions based on the results obtained. Keywords: Eating and Nutrition Disorders; Perception; Sensory Modalities; Alterations; Multimodal/Multisensory Integration; Rehabilitation Intervention.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/99175