Abstract Background: People with severe intellectual disabilities and multiple and complex neurodevelopmental disorders often experience constant sensory deprivation and a lack of awareness of their surroundings. This condition leads to altered behavioral responses and limits or completely compromises engagement and participation in daily activities, thus having a significant impact on well-being and quality of life. The literature identifies theoretical models and approaches based on sensory stimulation that are currently used in educational and healthcare settings, including by occupational therapists, to promote well-being and improve quality of life. Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of the main sensory approaches used for the clinical cases examined, namely A. Frohlich's Basal Stimulation, J. Ayres's Sensory Integration and Hulsegge and Verheul's Snoezelen approach (also called multisensory stimulation or Multi-Sensory Environment - MSE) and what evidence is present in the literature regarding implications for the clinical practice of Occupational Therapy. Materials and methods: A literature search was conducted using the following databases: PubMed, ResearchGate, Cochrane Library, and OTseeker. Keywords used were: "developmental disability," "profound and multiple disabilities," "occupational therapy," "sensory approaches," "multisensory stimulation," "multisensory environment," "multisensory room," "Snoezelen," "basal stimulation," and "sensory integration." Results: Ten articles published between 2000 and 2025 were analyzed. The sample included adults aged 18 to 73 with moderate to severe intellectual disability, severe neurodevelopmental disorders, with or without psychiatric comorbidities. Conclusions: The analysis of the selected literature highlighted that the study results provide only preliminary support for the hypothesis that sensory approaches may be effective in a therapeutic context for this population. Although existing studies are a starting point, and some offer insights into their applicability in occupational therapy, the evidence is still limited. Therefore, further investigation is needed, especially by occupational therapists, as the articles analyzed, in addition to the lack of solid evidence attesting to the efficacy of sensory approaches, do not clearly highlight their role.
Background: Le persone con disabilità intellettiva grave e disturbi del neurosviluppo plurimi e complessi sperimentano spesso una costante deprivazione sensoriale e una dispercezione dell’ambiente circostante. Questa condizione porta a produrre risposte comportamentali alterate e limita o compromette del tutto il coinvolgimento e la partecipazione alle attività di vita quotidiana, avendo quindi un impatto forte sul benessere e sulla qualità della vita. La letteratura individua modelli teorici e approcci basati sulla stimolazione sensoriale che attualmente sono utilizzati in ambito pedagogico e sanitario, anche da Terapisti Occupazionali per promuovere il benessere e migliorare la qualità di vita. Obiettivo: Indagare quali evidenze sono attualmente presenti in letteratura sull’efficacia dei principali approcci sensoriali utilizzati per la casistica clinica presa in esame, ovvero la Stimolazione Basale di A. Frohlich, l’Integrazione Sensoriale di J. Ayres e l’approccio Snoezelen di Hulsegge e Verheul (detto anche stimolazione multisensoriale o Multi-Sensory Environment - MSE) e sulle implicazioni per la pratica clinica di Terapia Occupazionale. Materiali e metodi: è stata eseguita una ricerca bibliografica utilizzando le seguenti banche dati: PubMed, ResearchGate, Cochrane Library e OTseeker. Le parole chiave utilizzate sono: “developmental disability”, “profound and multiple disabilities”, “occupational therapy”, “sensory approaches”, “multisensory stimulation”, “multisensory environment”, “multisensory room”, “Snoezelen”, “basale stimulation”, “sensory integration”. Risultati: Sono stati analizzati 10 articoli pubblicati tra il 2000 e il 2025. Il campione include adulti tra i 18 e i 73 anni con disabilità intellettiva da moderata a grave, gravi disturbi del neurosviluppo, con o senza comorbilità psichiatriche. Conclusioni: L’analisi della letteratura selezionata ha messo in evidenza che i risultati degli studi forniscono solo un supporto preliminare all’ipotesi che gli approcci sensoriali possano essere efficaci in contesto terapeutico per questa popolazione. Inoltre, sebbene gli studi già presenti offrano degli spunti di applicabilità in terapia occupazionale, le evidenze sono ancora poche. Per questo motivo servono ulteriori approfondimenti, soprattutto eseguiti da terapisti occupazionali, in quanto dagli articoli analizzati, oltre alla mancanza di prove solide che attestino l’efficacia degli approcci sensoriali, non emerge molto il loro ruolo.
Efficacia degli approcci sensoriali per l'adulto con disabilità grave: analisi della letteratura e implicazioni per la Terapia Occupazionale
ARICÒ, MADDALENA
2024/2025
Abstract
Abstract Background: People with severe intellectual disabilities and multiple and complex neurodevelopmental disorders often experience constant sensory deprivation and a lack of awareness of their surroundings. This condition leads to altered behavioral responses and limits or completely compromises engagement and participation in daily activities, thus having a significant impact on well-being and quality of life. The literature identifies theoretical models and approaches based on sensory stimulation that are currently used in educational and healthcare settings, including by occupational therapists, to promote well-being and improve quality of life. Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of the main sensory approaches used for the clinical cases examined, namely A. Frohlich's Basal Stimulation, J. Ayres's Sensory Integration and Hulsegge and Verheul's Snoezelen approach (also called multisensory stimulation or Multi-Sensory Environment - MSE) and what evidence is present in the literature regarding implications for the clinical practice of Occupational Therapy. Materials and methods: A literature search was conducted using the following databases: PubMed, ResearchGate, Cochrane Library, and OTseeker. Keywords used were: "developmental disability," "profound and multiple disabilities," "occupational therapy," "sensory approaches," "multisensory stimulation," "multisensory environment," "multisensory room," "Snoezelen," "basal stimulation," and "sensory integration." Results: Ten articles published between 2000 and 2025 were analyzed. The sample included adults aged 18 to 73 with moderate to severe intellectual disability, severe neurodevelopmental disorders, with or without psychiatric comorbidities. Conclusions: The analysis of the selected literature highlighted that the study results provide only preliminary support for the hypothesis that sensory approaches may be effective in a therapeutic context for this population. Although existing studies are a starting point, and some offer insights into their applicability in occupational therapy, the evidence is still limited. Therefore, further investigation is needed, especially by occupational therapists, as the articles analyzed, in addition to the lack of solid evidence attesting to the efficacy of sensory approaches, do not clearly highlight their role.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/99188