Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the Memory Passport on psychomotor agitation in individuals with dementia, in reducing psycho-behavioral disturbances and to improve quality of life. To this end, the instrument's capacity to decrease psychomotor agitation was evaluated, a key aspect of behavioral disturbances that negatively influences well-being. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at the San Gregorio Institutes in Valdobbiadene, and the sample was selected from units dedicated to residents with cognitive decline and dementia. Nine participants with a diagnosis of moderate-to-severe dementia were identified. The research instrument used to evaluate psychomotor agitation was the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI) scale. The Memory Passport, a low-technology paper-based tool, was co-constructed by the Occupational Therapist (OT) together with the person with dementia and their caregivers, collecting information and photographic material on life history, relationships, places, interests, and stimuli for well-being. After an initial evaluation phase using the CMAI scale, the Memory Passport was utilized for a period of 5 weeks with a frequency of at least 3 times per week or in case of agitation episodes, through individual meetings, aimed at stimulating dialogue and the recall of memories. At the end of the administration period, a reassessment of the patients was performed with the CMAI scale. Results: Quantitative analysis of CMAI data showed an overall reduction in the scores of items correlated with psychomotor agitation. Descriptive statistics highlighted a decrease in the mean of CMAI scores from 42.44 to 38 and of the median from 36 to 32 between the pre- and post-intervention assessment. The Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test revealed statistical significance (p-value = 0.01403), indicating that the observed reduction in scores is not attributable to chance, but suggests a positive effect of the intervention. Significant reductions were observed in behaviors measurable by the CMAI scale, such as unjustified demands for attention, repetitive questions and statements, hitting or grabbing people, while aggressive behaviors like spitting, kicking, biting, or scratching remained rare or absent. Furthermore, a slight improvement was recorded in the CMAI scale item related to pessimism. Conclusions: The study demonstrates that the use of the Memory Passport, supported by Occupational Therapy, significantly reduces psycho-behavioral disturbances, particularly psychomotor agitation, in patients with dementia, thanks to a personalized and person-centered approach. The feedback from family members confirmed an improvement in interaction and greater serenity in dialogue.
Scopo: rilevare l'impatto del Passaporto della Memoria sull'agitazione psicomotoria in persone con demenza, nel ridurre i disturbi psico-comportamentali e a migliorare la qualità di vita. A tal fine, è stata valutata la capacità dello strumento di diminuire l'agitazione psicomotoria, un aspetto chiave dei disturbi comportamentali che influenza negativamente il benessere. Materiali e metodi: Lo studio è stato condotto presso gli Istituti San Gregorio di Valdobbiadene e il campione è stato selezionato dai nuclei dedicati a ospiti con decadimento cognitivo e demenza. Sono stati individuati 9 partecipanti con diagnosi di demenza moderata-grave. Lo strumento di indagine utilizzato per valutare l'agitazione psicomotoria è stata la scala Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI). Il Passaporto della Memoria, strumento cartaceo a bassa tecnologia, è stato co-costruito dal Terapista Occupazionale (TO) insieme alla persona con demenza e ai suoi caregiver, raccogliendo informazioni e materiale fotografico sulla storia di vita, relazioni, luoghi, interessi e stimoli per il benessere. Dopo una fase di valutazione iniziale attraverso la scala CMAI, il Passaporto è stato utilizzato per un periodo di 5 settimane con una frequenza di almeno 3 volte a settimana o in caso di episodi di agitazione, attraverso incontri individuali, volti a stimolare il dialogo e la rievocazione di ricordi. Al termine del periodo di somministrazione è stata effettuata una rivalutazione dei pazienti con la scala CMAI. Risultati: L'analisi quantitativa dei dati CMAI ha mostrato una riduzione complessiva dei punteggi degli item correlati all’agitazione psicomotoria. Le statistiche descrittive hanno evidenziato una diminuzione della media dei punteggi CMAI da 42.44 a 38 e della mediana da 36 a 32 tra la valutazione pre e post-intervento. Il Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test ha rivelato una significatività statistica (p-value = 0.01403), indicando che la riduzione osservata nei punteggi non è attribuibile al caso, ma suggerisce un effetto positivo dell'intervento. Riduzioni significative sono state osservate in comportamenti misurabili dalla scala CMAI quali richieste ingiustificate di attenzione, domande e affermazioni ripetitive, colpire o afferrare persone, mentre comportamenti aggressivi come sputare, scalciare, mordere o graffiare sono rimasti rari o assenti. Si è registrato inoltre un lieve miglioramento nell’item della scala CMAI relativo al pessimismo. Conclusioni: Lo studio dimostra che l’uso del Passaporto della Memoria, supportato dalla Terapia Occupazionale, riduce significativamente i disturbi psico-comportamentali, in particolare l’agitazione psicomotoria, nei pazienti con demenza, grazie a un approccio personalizzato e centrato sulla persona. I feedback dei familiari hanno confermato un miglioramento nell’interazione e maggiore serenità nel dialogo.
Il Passaporto della Memoria nella riduzione dei disturbi psico-comportamentali in pazienti con demenza: l’intervento del terapista occupazionale agli Istituti San Gregorio di Valdobbiadene
BORDIN, CHIARA
2024/2025
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the Memory Passport on psychomotor agitation in individuals with dementia, in reducing psycho-behavioral disturbances and to improve quality of life. To this end, the instrument's capacity to decrease psychomotor agitation was evaluated, a key aspect of behavioral disturbances that negatively influences well-being. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at the San Gregorio Institutes in Valdobbiadene, and the sample was selected from units dedicated to residents with cognitive decline and dementia. Nine participants with a diagnosis of moderate-to-severe dementia were identified. The research instrument used to evaluate psychomotor agitation was the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI) scale. The Memory Passport, a low-technology paper-based tool, was co-constructed by the Occupational Therapist (OT) together with the person with dementia and their caregivers, collecting information and photographic material on life history, relationships, places, interests, and stimuli for well-being. After an initial evaluation phase using the CMAI scale, the Memory Passport was utilized for a period of 5 weeks with a frequency of at least 3 times per week or in case of agitation episodes, through individual meetings, aimed at stimulating dialogue and the recall of memories. At the end of the administration period, a reassessment of the patients was performed with the CMAI scale. Results: Quantitative analysis of CMAI data showed an overall reduction in the scores of items correlated with psychomotor agitation. Descriptive statistics highlighted a decrease in the mean of CMAI scores from 42.44 to 38 and of the median from 36 to 32 between the pre- and post-intervention assessment. The Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test revealed statistical significance (p-value = 0.01403), indicating that the observed reduction in scores is not attributable to chance, but suggests a positive effect of the intervention. Significant reductions were observed in behaviors measurable by the CMAI scale, such as unjustified demands for attention, repetitive questions and statements, hitting or grabbing people, while aggressive behaviors like spitting, kicking, biting, or scratching remained rare or absent. Furthermore, a slight improvement was recorded in the CMAI scale item related to pessimism. Conclusions: The study demonstrates that the use of the Memory Passport, supported by Occupational Therapy, significantly reduces psycho-behavioral disturbances, particularly psychomotor agitation, in patients with dementia, thanks to a personalized and person-centered approach. The feedback from family members confirmed an improvement in interaction and greater serenity in dialogue.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/99189