Background: Cancer is one of leading causes of premature death globally and, in Italy, the deaths attributable to it correspond to 24.7% of the total. This aspect is progressively decreasing, while incidence and prevalence are constantly increasing. In this regard, the World Health Organization has identified the oncology field as a priority for the development of specific rehabilitation guidelines, including the occupational therapist among the figures involved. Nowadays, however, rehabilitation is still underused, and the occupational therapist is rarely integrated within teams. Objective: Investigate which interventions are most effective for improving the quality of life in adult oncology patients and how these change depending on the stage of the disease. Explore how many occupational therapists are practicing in Italy and analyse their clinical practice. Methods: Research has been conducted on the literature published from 2010 to today, using some of the main scientific databases (Medline, Otseeker and Cochrane Library) and uploading the following free terms and Mesh: “neoplasms”, “cancer”, “oncology”, “cancer survivors”, “neoplastic disease”, “adult”, “aged”, “occupational therapy”, “OT” “quality of life”, “health-related quality of life”. “HRQoL”, “well-being”, “life satisfaction”. Later, a questionnaire was created and disseminated through e-mail address to the national register commissions and the Italian Association of Occupational Therapy (AITO), with the aim of investigating Italian clinical practice in this area. Results: The research led to 154 results; after reading the title and abstract, 137 articles were excluded, to which a further 5 studies were added following reading the full text. The 12 studies identified were analysed using critical review guidelines from McMaster University. 34 therapists filled out the questionnaire. Discussion: The variety of the interventions found in the literature suggest that there is a lack of evidence on the presence of a more effective intervention than another and that the type of intervention delivered differs according to the stage of disease. Evidence is partially limited by the absence of specific tools for measuring quality of life and the low sensitivity of the generic measures used. Furthermore, from the analysis of the data emerging from the questionnaire, discrepancies were found between the Italian literature and clinical practice, above all in terms of settings and interventions provided. Conclusion: The scientific evidence on the effectiveness of the Occupational Therapy intervention on improving the quality of life in oncology patients is limited, so further in-depth studies and the production of new evidence in this regard are considered necessary.
Introduzione: Il cancro è una tra le prime dieci cause di morte prematura a livello globale e, in Italia, i decessi ad esso attribuibili corrispondono al 24,7% del totale. Questo dato si dimostra in progressiva diminuzione, mentre incidenza e prevalenza risultano in costante crescita. A tal proposito, l’Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanità ha identificato l’ambito oncologico come prioritario per lo sviluppo di linee di indirizzo specifiche di riabilitazione, includendo tra le figure coinvolte quella del terapista occupazionale. Ad oggi, nonostante queste premesse, la riabilitazione risulta ancora sottoutilizzata e la figura del terapista occupazionale viene raramente integrata all’interno delle equipe. Obiettivo: Indagare quali interventi sono più efficaci per migliorare la qualità di vita nei pazienti oncologici adulti e come questi varino a seconda della fase di malattia. Esplorare quanti terapisti occupazionali sono attivi nel territorio nazionale e analizzare la loro pratica clinica. Metodi: È stata condotta una ricerca sulla letteratura pubblicata dal 2010 ad oggi, utilizzando alcuni dei principali database scientifici (Medline, Otseeker e Cochrane Library) e inserendo i seguenti termini liberi e Mesh: “neoplasms”, “cancer”, “oncology”, “cancer survivors”, “neoplastic disease”, “adult”, “aged”, “occupational therapy”, “OT” “quality of life”, “health-related quality of life”, “HRQoL”, “well-being”, “life satisfaction”. In seguito, è stato creato e divulgato, tramite indirizzo e-mail alle commissioni d’albo nazionali e all’Associazione Italiana di Terapia Occupazionale (AITO), un questionario per indagare la pratica clinica italiana in quest’ambito. Risultati: La ricerca ha portato a 154 risultati; dopo la lettura di titolo ed abstract sono stati esclusi 137 articoli, ai quali si sono aggiunti ulteriori 5 studi a seguito della lettura del full-text. I 12 studi individuati sono stati analizzati utilizzando le linee guida di revisione critica della McMaster University. Il questionario è stato compilato da 34 terapisti occupazionali. Discussione: L’eterogeneità degli interventi riscontrati in letteratura suggerisce che manchino evidenze a favore di un intervento maggiormente efficace rispetto ad altri e che il tipo di intervento erogato si differenzi in relazione alla fase di malattia. Le evidenze sono parzialmente limitate dall’assenza di strumenti specifici per la misurazione della qualità di vita e dalla scarsa sensibilità delle misure generiche utilizzate. Inoltre, dall’analisi dei dati emersi dal questionario, sono state riscontrate delle discrepanze tra la letteratura e la pratica clinica italiana, in particolare in termini di setting e interventi erogati. Conclusione: Le evidenze scientifiche sull’efficacia dell’intervento di Terapia Occupazionale sul miglioramento della qualità di vita nei pazienti oncologici adulti risultano limitate. Alla luce di ciò, si ritengono necessarie ulteriori indagini e la produzione di nuove evidenze in merito.
Qualità di vita nei pazienti oncologici: il ruolo della Terapia Occupazionale. Revisione della letteratura
RUBERT, GIULIA
2024/2025
Abstract
Background: Cancer is one of leading causes of premature death globally and, in Italy, the deaths attributable to it correspond to 24.7% of the total. This aspect is progressively decreasing, while incidence and prevalence are constantly increasing. In this regard, the World Health Organization has identified the oncology field as a priority for the development of specific rehabilitation guidelines, including the occupational therapist among the figures involved. Nowadays, however, rehabilitation is still underused, and the occupational therapist is rarely integrated within teams. Objective: Investigate which interventions are most effective for improving the quality of life in adult oncology patients and how these change depending on the stage of the disease. Explore how many occupational therapists are practicing in Italy and analyse their clinical practice. Methods: Research has been conducted on the literature published from 2010 to today, using some of the main scientific databases (Medline, Otseeker and Cochrane Library) and uploading the following free terms and Mesh: “neoplasms”, “cancer”, “oncology”, “cancer survivors”, “neoplastic disease”, “adult”, “aged”, “occupational therapy”, “OT” “quality of life”, “health-related quality of life”. “HRQoL”, “well-being”, “life satisfaction”. Later, a questionnaire was created and disseminated through e-mail address to the national register commissions and the Italian Association of Occupational Therapy (AITO), with the aim of investigating Italian clinical practice in this area. Results: The research led to 154 results; after reading the title and abstract, 137 articles were excluded, to which a further 5 studies were added following reading the full text. The 12 studies identified were analysed using critical review guidelines from McMaster University. 34 therapists filled out the questionnaire. Discussion: The variety of the interventions found in the literature suggest that there is a lack of evidence on the presence of a more effective intervention than another and that the type of intervention delivered differs according to the stage of disease. Evidence is partially limited by the absence of specific tools for measuring quality of life and the low sensitivity of the generic measures used. Furthermore, from the analysis of the data emerging from the questionnaire, discrepancies were found between the Italian literature and clinical practice, above all in terms of settings and interventions provided. Conclusion: The scientific evidence on the effectiveness of the Occupational Therapy intervention on improving the quality of life in oncology patients is limited, so further in-depth studies and the production of new evidence in this regard are considered necessary.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/99197