Introduction: Play plays a fundamental role in child development, allowing children to experiment with themselves, others, and their surroundings. In the case of pediatric patients undergoing cancer treatment, play can be used both as a means to achieve functional goals and as an end in itself in rehabilitation, with the aim of promoting participation in daily life. Objective: The objective of the study is to investigate whether play, understood as an occupational goal and not solely as a means of rehabilitation, is included in the care of pediatric cancer patients within occupational therapy treatments, analyzing its role and methods of use in clinical practice. Methods: The project includes a first part dedicated to reviewing the scientific literature and a second part focused on conducting a retrospective observational study. The latter was carried out through the analysis of 41 medical records of pediatric cancer patients treated at the IRCCS in Conegliano (TV), referring to the period between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2024. Results: Analysis of the literature showed that play is mainly used as a means of rehabilitation and, in no study, was it considered exclusively as an occupational end. Quantitative analysis showed that 92,10% of the records included an assessment of leisure time and that, in 92,68% of cases, play was reported among the significant activities. However, in the 25 case files in which play was included in the treatment, only 12% used it as an occupational goal, 84% as a means of rehabilitation, and the remaining 4% with an integrated approach. The qualitative analysis documents a wide variability of play-centered approaches adapted by occupational therapists according to the objectives set. Discussion: The lack of play as an occupational goal can be attributed to multiple factors, starting with instrumental gaps, the timing of rehabilitation services, the availability of environments and materials, the priorities expressed by families, and limitations intrinsic to the clinical condition of patients. Conclusion: Play as an occupational goal is an exception both in scientific literature and in retrospective analysis. It is therefore necessary to promote the development of standardized protocols and assessment tools, as well as training courses for professionals and students, so that the potential of play can be fully recognized and applied as a central goal in clinical practice.
Introduzione: Il gioco riveste un ruolo fondamentale nello sviluppo del bambino, consentendogli di sperimentarsi in relazione a sé stesso, agli altri e all’ambiente circostante. Nel caso dei pazienti pediatrici che affrontano un percorso oncologico, esso può essere utilizzato sia come un mezzo per il raggiungimento di obiettivi funzionali, sia come fine dell’intervento riabilitativo, con l’obiettivo di promuovere la partecipazione alla vita quotidiana. Obiettivo: L’obiettivo dello studio è indagare se il gioco, inteso come fine occupazionale e non unicamente come mezzo riabilitativo, venga incluso nella presa in carico dei pazienti oncologici in età evolutiva all’interno dei trattamenti di terapia occupazionale, analizzandone il ruolo e le modalità di utilizzo nella pratica clinica. Metodi: Il progetto include una prima parte dedicata alla revisione della letteratura scientifica e una seconda parte focalizzata sulla conduzione di uno studio osservazionale retrospettivo. Quest'ultimo è stato svolto attraverso l’analisi di 41cartelle cliniche di pazienti oncologici pediatrici seguiti presso l’IRCCS di Conegliano (TV), riferite al periodo compreso tra il 1º gennaio 2019 e il 31 dicembre 2024. Risultati: Dall’analisi della letteratura è emerso che il gioco viene prevalentemente utilizzato come mezzo riabilitativo e, in nessuno studio, è stato considerato esclusivamente come fine occupazionale. L’analisi quantitativa ha evidenziato che il 92,68% delle cartelle includeva la valutazione del tempo libero e che, nel 92,10% dei casi, il gioco era riportato tra le attività significative. Tuttavia, nelle 25 cartelle in cui il gioco è stato incluso nel trattamento, solo il 12% lo utilizza come fine occupazionale, l’84% come mezzo riabilitativo e il restante 4% con un approccio integrato. L’analisi qualitativa documenta una vasta variabilità di approcci centrati sul gioco e adattati dai terapisti occupazionali in base agli obiettivi fissati. Discussione: La scarsa presenza del gioco come fine occupazionale può essere ricondotta a molteplici fattori, a partire da lacune di tipo strumentale, tempistiche di presa in carico da parte del servizio riabilitativo, disponibilità di ambienti e materiali, priorità espresse dalle famiglie e limitazioni intrinseche alla condizione clinica dei pazienti. Conclusione: Il gioco come fine occupazionale rappresenta un’eccezione sia in letteratura scientifica sia nell’analisi retrospettiva. Risulta quindi necessario promuovere lo sviluppo di protocolli e strumenti valutativi standardizzati, oltre a percorsi formativi per professionisti e studenti, affinché il potenziale del gioco possa essere riconosciuto pienamente e applicato come obiettivo centrale nella pratica clinica.
Il ruolo del gioco nel processo di terapia occupazionale in oncologia pediatrica: analisi della letteratura e analisi retrospettiva.
SPINATO, SHARON
2024/2025
Abstract
Introduction: Play plays a fundamental role in child development, allowing children to experiment with themselves, others, and their surroundings. In the case of pediatric patients undergoing cancer treatment, play can be used both as a means to achieve functional goals and as an end in itself in rehabilitation, with the aim of promoting participation in daily life. Objective: The objective of the study is to investigate whether play, understood as an occupational goal and not solely as a means of rehabilitation, is included in the care of pediatric cancer patients within occupational therapy treatments, analyzing its role and methods of use in clinical practice. Methods: The project includes a first part dedicated to reviewing the scientific literature and a second part focused on conducting a retrospective observational study. The latter was carried out through the analysis of 41 medical records of pediatric cancer patients treated at the IRCCS in Conegliano (TV), referring to the period between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2024. Results: Analysis of the literature showed that play is mainly used as a means of rehabilitation and, in no study, was it considered exclusively as an occupational end. Quantitative analysis showed that 92,10% of the records included an assessment of leisure time and that, in 92,68% of cases, play was reported among the significant activities. However, in the 25 case files in which play was included in the treatment, only 12% used it as an occupational goal, 84% as a means of rehabilitation, and the remaining 4% with an integrated approach. The qualitative analysis documents a wide variability of play-centered approaches adapted by occupational therapists according to the objectives set. Discussion: The lack of play as an occupational goal can be attributed to multiple factors, starting with instrumental gaps, the timing of rehabilitation services, the availability of environments and materials, the priorities expressed by families, and limitations intrinsic to the clinical condition of patients. Conclusion: Play as an occupational goal is an exception both in scientific literature and in retrospective analysis. It is therefore necessary to promote the development of standardized protocols and assessment tools, as well as training courses for professionals and students, so that the potential of play can be fully recognized and applied as a central goal in clinical practice.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/99199