This thesis examines the liberalisation process of air transport within the European Union, tracing its regulatory and institutional evolution and assessing its effects on Competition Law and passenger protection. The objective is to determine to what extent the market opening, launched in the 1990s, has effectively achieved a balance between economic freedoms and consumer protection, in light of the EU legal framework and the case law of the Court of Justice. The research adopts a legal-analytical approach, based on a systematic examination of the sources of EU law, the main decisions of the Commission and the Court, as well as European legal scholarship on competition and air transport. After outlining the regulatory framework and its impact on the competitive structure of the sector, the thesis explores the discipline of passenger rights, highlighting the challenges arising from their uneven implementation across Member States. The analysis shows that liberalisation has contributed to creating a more competitive and dynamic market; however, the balance with passenger protection remains only partial, due to the lack of fully uniform regulatory and enforcement mechanisms. The study concludes by emphasising the need to strengthen the EU legal and institutional framework in order to ensure a more coherent coordination between competition rules and the effective protection of air passengers.
La tesi esamina il processo di liberalizzazione del trasporto aereo nell'Unione europea, ricostruendone l'evoluzione normativa e istituzionale e valutandone gli effetti sul piano della disciplina della concorrenza e della tutela dei passeggeri. L'obiettivo è verificare in quale misura l'apertura del mercato, avviata a partire dagli anni Novanta, abbia effettivamente realizzato un equilibrio tra libertà economiche e protezione dei consumatori, alla luce del quadro normativo dell'Unione e della giurisprudenza della Corte di giustizia. La ricerca adotta un approccio giuridico-analitico, fondato sull'esame sistematico delle fonti del diritto dell'Unione, delle principali decisioni della Commissione e della Corte, nonché della dottrina europea in materia di concorrenza e trasporto aereo. Dopo aver delineato l'impianto regolatorio e i suoi riflessi sull'assetto concorrenziale del settore, l'elaborato approfondisce la disciplina dei diritti dei passeggeri, mettendo in evidenza le criticità derivanti dalla loro attuazione disomogenea negli Stati membri. Dallo studio emerge che la liberalizzazione ha contribuito alla creazione di un mercato più competitivo e dinamico, ma il bilanciamento con la tutela dei passeggeri risulta ancora parziale, in ragione dell'assenza di un coordinamento normativo e applicativo pienamente uniforme. In conclusione, si evidenzia l'esigenza di un rafforzamento del quadro normativo e dell'attuazione a livello unionale, al fine di assicurare un coordinamento più coerente tra la disciplina della concorrenza e la tutela effettiva dei passeggeri.
Il trasporto aereo nell'Unione europea e il difficile bilanciamento fra la tutela della concorrenza e i diritti dei passeggeri
GARAGNA, GEMMA
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis examines the liberalisation process of air transport within the European Union, tracing its regulatory and institutional evolution and assessing its effects on Competition Law and passenger protection. The objective is to determine to what extent the market opening, launched in the 1990s, has effectively achieved a balance between economic freedoms and consumer protection, in light of the EU legal framework and the case law of the Court of Justice. The research adopts a legal-analytical approach, based on a systematic examination of the sources of EU law, the main decisions of the Commission and the Court, as well as European legal scholarship on competition and air transport. After outlining the regulatory framework and its impact on the competitive structure of the sector, the thesis explores the discipline of passenger rights, highlighting the challenges arising from their uneven implementation across Member States. The analysis shows that liberalisation has contributed to creating a more competitive and dynamic market; however, the balance with passenger protection remains only partial, due to the lack of fully uniform regulatory and enforcement mechanisms. The study concludes by emphasising the need to strengthen the EU legal and institutional framework in order to ensure a more coherent coordination between competition rules and the effective protection of air passengers.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/99290