The eye represents a protected environment, equipped with physical, chemical and immune mechanisms capable of preventing the adhesion and proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms. Despite this, a resident microbiota, consisting of a community of commensal and mutualistic microorganisms, is present in physiological conditions and contributes to the maintenance of ocular surface homeostasis. In recent years, numerous evidences have shown that qualitative or quantitative alterations of this microbial community can be related to the development and worsening of dry eye disease syndrome (DED). This condition, with multifactorial etiology and high prevalence in the population, is characterized by instability of the tear film, inflammation of the ocular surface and visual symptoms. This thesis paper aims to systematically collect and analyze the most recent scientific literature regarding: ●the composition of the ocular microbiome ●the microbial alterations found in patients with DED ●the possible pathogenetic mechanisms of correlation between dysbiosis and dry eye ●therapeutic perspectives aimed at microbiome modulation, including implications for optometric practice The evidence foundThe data that emerged confirm that ocular dysbiosis can contribute to the maintenance of chronic inflammation and the destabilization of the tear film. Implicitly, we can deduce the importance of investigating the role of probiotics for ophthalmic use, for the support and prevention of DED. Understanding these mechanisms and protocols may open new avenues for personalized preventive and therapeutic strategies.
L’occhio rappresenta un ambiente protetto, dotato di meccanismi fisici, chimici e immunitari in grado di prevenire l’adesione e la proliferazione di microrganismi patogeni. Nonostante questo, un microbiota residente, costituito da una comunità di microrganismi commensali e mutualistici, è presente in condizioni fisiologiche e contribuisce al mantenimento dell’omeostasi della superficie oculare. Negli ultimi anni, numerose evidenze hanno mostrato che alterazioni qualitative o quantitative di questa comunità microbica possono essere correlate allo sviluppo e al peggioramento della sindromemalattia dell’occhio secco (DED). Tale condizione, ad eziologia multifattoriale e ad alta prevalenza nella popolazione, è caratterizzata da instabilità del film lacrimale, infiammazione della superficie oculare e sintomi visivi. Il presente elaborato di tesi si propone diQuesta tesi raccogliere e analizzare sistematicamente la letteratura scientifica più recente riguardante: ● la composizione del microbioma oculare ● le alterazioni microbiche riscontrate nei pazienti affetti da DED ● i possibili meccanismi patogenetici di correlazione fra disbiosi e occhio secco ● le prospettive terapeutiche mirate alla modulazione del microbioma, incluse le implicazioni per la pratica optometrica Le evidenze rinvenuteI dati emersi confermano che la disbiosi oculare può contribuire al mantenimento dell’infiammazione cronica e alla destabilizzazione del film lacrimale. Implicitamente, si evince l'importanza di investigare il ruolo di probiotici ad uso oftalmico, per il supporto e prevenzione della DED. Comprendere questi meccanismi e protocolli potrà aprire nuove strade per strategie preventive e terapeutiche personalizzate.
Correlazione tra microbiota oculare e sindrome dell'occhio secco: una revisione critica di letteratura.
BABOLIN, GEMMA
2024/2025
Abstract
The eye represents a protected environment, equipped with physical, chemical and immune mechanisms capable of preventing the adhesion and proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms. Despite this, a resident microbiota, consisting of a community of commensal and mutualistic microorganisms, is present in physiological conditions and contributes to the maintenance of ocular surface homeostasis. In recent years, numerous evidences have shown that qualitative or quantitative alterations of this microbial community can be related to the development and worsening of dry eye disease syndrome (DED). This condition, with multifactorial etiology and high prevalence in the population, is characterized by instability of the tear film, inflammation of the ocular surface and visual symptoms. This thesis paper aims to systematically collect and analyze the most recent scientific literature regarding: ●the composition of the ocular microbiome ●the microbial alterations found in patients with DED ●the possible pathogenetic mechanisms of correlation between dysbiosis and dry eye ●therapeutic perspectives aimed at microbiome modulation, including implications for optometric practice The evidence foundThe data that emerged confirm that ocular dysbiosis can contribute to the maintenance of chronic inflammation and the destabilization of the tear film. Implicitly, we can deduce the importance of investigating the role of probiotics for ophthalmic use, for the support and prevention of DED. Understanding these mechanisms and protocols may open new avenues for personalized preventive and therapeutic strategies.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/99296