The use of antibiotics in the veterinary field, particularly in animal husbandry, is regulated by strict legislation that has introduced important measures aimed at preventing the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance . This phenomenon has emerged as one of the most pressing challenges in both veterinary and human medicine. The study focused on the poultry sector, which represents the most important sector of the Italian animal husbandry and the only one that is self-sufficient in the country. In particular, the study was carried out on poultry farms operating within a short food supply chain, with the aim of detecting the presence and prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Sixteen different genes were investigated, conferring resistance to three important classes of antibiotics: β-lactams (genes blaSHV, blaCTX-M-1like, blaCMY-2, blaOXA-1, blaOXA-48, blaVIM-2 and blaNDM), polymyxins (genes mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-4, and mcr-5) and fluoroquinolones (genes oqxA, oqxB, qnrS and qnrB). Sampling took place at various stages of the production chain, both on farm and at the slaughterhouse, between March 25, 2024 to May 14, 2024. On each farm, fecal samples were collected at the end of the cycle (n = 11). At the slaughterhouse, environmental swabs were collected before and after slaughter, as well as from the carcasses of animals originating from the previously sampled farms. In addition, a segment of intestine at the cecum level was collected from ten randomly selected animals in each group. All samples were transported to the laboratory and stored at -80°C until DNA extraction. DNA was analyzed by quantitative Real-Time PCR to identify and quantify the ARGs. The most frequently identified genes were qnrS and blaCMY2, which confer resistance to fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins. Their prevalence was found to be high not only in feces, but also on post-slaughter surfaces and carcasses. The results of this study highlight the presence of ARGs in poultry farms operating within a short food supply chain. These findings emphasize the need to implement rigorous hygienic procedures at both the farm and slaughterhouse level in order to minimize the spread of such genes.
L’utilizzo di antibiotici in ambito veterinario ed in particolare in zootecnia è regolamentato da una rigorosa legislazione, che ha messo in atto importanti provvedimenti rivolti a prevenire lo sviluppo e la diffusione di antibiotico-resistenza, poiché questo fenomeno è divenuto una delle più gravi problematiche nel mondo medico sia veterinario che umano. Lo studio si è focalizzato sul settore avicolo, il più importante ramo della zootecnia italiana e l’unico ad essere autosufficiente nel nostro paese. In particolare, lo studio è stato condotto in allevamenti avicoli a filiera corta, al fine di rilevare la presenza e prevalenza di geni di antibiotico -resistenza (ARG). Sono stati ricercati 16 differenti geni, che conferiscono resistenza verso tre importanti classi di antibiotici: β-lattamici (geni blaSHV , blaCTX-M-1like, blaCMY-2, blaOXA-1, blaOXA-48, blaVIM-2 e blaNDM), polimixine (geni mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-4, e mcr-5) e fluorochinoloni (geni oqxA, oqxB, qnrS e qnrB). Il campionamento si è svolto in varie fasi della filiera, allevamento e macello, nel periodo tra il 25/03/2024 e il 14/05/2024. In ogni allevamento, venivano raccolti campioni fecali a fine ciclo (n = 11). Successivamente, al macello venivano prelevati tamponi ambientali pre- e post- macellazione e dalla carcassa degli animali provenienti dagli allevamenti precedentemente campionati. Da 10 animali scelti casualmente, per ciascun gruppo, veniva prelevato un tratto intestinale a livello dei ciechi. Tutti i campioni venivano trasportati in laboratorio e conservati a -80°C, fino all’estrazione del DNA. Quest’ultimo veniva analizzato mediante Real-Time PCR quantitativa al fine di identificare e quantificare i geni di interesse. I geni maggiormente identificati sono stati qnrS e blaCMY2, che conferiscono rispettivamente resistenza ai fluorochinoloni e alle cefalosporine di terza generazione. La loro prevalenza è risultata elevata non solo nelle feci, ma anche sulle superfici post-macellazione e sulle carcasse. I risultati ottenuti in questo studio evidenziano la presenza di geni di ARG in allevamenti avicoli a filiera corta. Ciò suggerisce che sia in allevamento che al macello è necessaria l’implementazione di procedure igieniche rigorose, così da ridurre al minimo la diffusione di tali geni.
ANTIBIOTICO-RESISTENZA IN ALLEVAMENTI AVICOLI DI UNA FILIERA CORTA DELLA REGIONE VENETO
PETREA, RARES GABRIEL
2024/2025
Abstract
The use of antibiotics in the veterinary field, particularly in animal husbandry, is regulated by strict legislation that has introduced important measures aimed at preventing the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance . This phenomenon has emerged as one of the most pressing challenges in both veterinary and human medicine. The study focused on the poultry sector, which represents the most important sector of the Italian animal husbandry and the only one that is self-sufficient in the country. In particular, the study was carried out on poultry farms operating within a short food supply chain, with the aim of detecting the presence and prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Sixteen different genes were investigated, conferring resistance to three important classes of antibiotics: β-lactams (genes blaSHV, blaCTX-M-1like, blaCMY-2, blaOXA-1, blaOXA-48, blaVIM-2 and blaNDM), polymyxins (genes mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-4, and mcr-5) and fluoroquinolones (genes oqxA, oqxB, qnrS and qnrB). Sampling took place at various stages of the production chain, both on farm and at the slaughterhouse, between March 25, 2024 to May 14, 2024. On each farm, fecal samples were collected at the end of the cycle (n = 11). At the slaughterhouse, environmental swabs were collected before and after slaughter, as well as from the carcasses of animals originating from the previously sampled farms. In addition, a segment of intestine at the cecum level was collected from ten randomly selected animals in each group. All samples were transported to the laboratory and stored at -80°C until DNA extraction. DNA was analyzed by quantitative Real-Time PCR to identify and quantify the ARGs. The most frequently identified genes were qnrS and blaCMY2, which confer resistance to fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins. Their prevalence was found to be high not only in feces, but also on post-slaughter surfaces and carcasses. The results of this study highlight the presence of ARGs in poultry farms operating within a short food supply chain. These findings emphasize the need to implement rigorous hygienic procedures at both the farm and slaughterhouse level in order to minimize the spread of such genes.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/99312