Introduction and Background Within the field of nursing care, dignity represents a fundamental human need—particularly in palliative care, where patients experience fragility and vulnerability. Dignity Therapy (DT), developed by Harvey Max Chochinov, is a psychosocial intervention aimed at preserving and strengthening the sense of personal worth in patients facing advanced illness. This approach is based on life storytelling and the recognition of the individual, with the goal of enhancing the quality of the end-of-life experience. Objective The main objective of this analysis is to evaluate the effect of Dignity Therapy on the quality of life and emotional well-being of patients with advanced disease. Additionally, it aims to explore the impact of this intervention on the nursing role and assess its applicability within Italian palliative care settings. Methodology This study was conducted through a literature review using the PubMed and Cochrane Library databases. The research questions were: What is the impact of Dignity Therapy on the quality of life of palliative care patients? How does DT influence the nursing role? Is this intervention applicable and sustainable in daily practice? The research design followed the P.I.O. model, where: Population (P): patients receiving palliative care Intervention (I): implementation of Dignity Therapy Outcome (O): impact on patients’ quality of life and on the nursing role Temporal filters were applied, selecting studies published from 2015 onwards, restricted to free full-text articles, and using only the Boolean operator “AND.” Inclusion criteria comprised studies involving end-of-life patients with chronic illnesses, nurses engaged in patient care, and findings regarding the effectiveness of Dignity Therapy. Studies involving pediatric populations, conducted before 2015, or carried out in critical care settings were excluded. Results The literature review highlighted that Dignity Therapy improves both quality of life and emotional well-being in patients with advanced illness. It promotes a sense of meaning, connection, and reduces anxiety and depression. The nursing role expands from a technical to a relational and emotional dimension, requiring specific skills such as empathic listening, narrative competence, and adequate training. Its everyday applicability is limited by organizational factors, including time constraints and resource availability. Nevertheless, the integration of DT into nursing practice has proven feasible across various international contexts—including Italy—when supported by appropriate training and flexible care structures. Discussion and Conclusion Differences in outcomes, particularly concerning spiritual distress and preparedness for death, indicate the need for further research to explore the cultural and individual variables influencing the intervention’s effectiveness. Ultimately, to ensure sustainable and integrated implementation in clinical practice, it is essential to invest in education and training, fostering a holistic, person-centered perspective that values patients’ dignity. This approach could also be beneficial when introduced in the earlier stages of illness. Keywords: Dignity Therapy, palliative care, patient dignity, quality of life, patient experience, nursing, nursing care, nurse’s role, palliative care and dignity, psychological support, nursing intervention, nursing communication, psychological well-being, palliative assistance, end-of-life care, dignity.
Introduzione e background Nell’ambito dell’assistenza infermieristica, la dignità rappresenta un bisogno fondamentale, specialmente nelle cure palliative dove il paziente si trova in una condizione di fragilità e vulnerabilità. La Terapia della Dignità (Dignity Therapy, DT), sviluppata da Harvey Max Chochinov, è un intervento psicosociale volto a conservare e consolidare il senso di valore personale negli assistiti in fase avanzata di malattia. Questo approccio si basa sulla narrazione della vita e sul riconoscimento dell’individuo, con l’obiettivo di migliorare la qualità dell’esperienza di fine vita. Obiettivo L’obiettivo principale di questa analisi è valutare l’effetto della Terapia della Dignità sulla qualità della vita e sul benessere emotivo dei pazienti in fase avanzata di malattia. Inoltre si vuole indagare l’impatto di questo intervento sul ruolo dell’infermiere e la sua applicabilità nei contesti palliativi italiani. Metodologia Lo studio è stato condotto mediante una revisione della letteratura scientifica consultando le banche dati PubMed e Cochrane Library. I quesiti di ricerca sono stati i seguenti: qual è l’impatto della Terapia della Dignità sulla qualità della vita dei pazienti in cure palliative? In che modo la DT influenza il ruolo infermieristico? È un intervento applicabile e sostenibile nella pratica quotidiana? Il disegno di ricerca si basa sul modello P.I.O., con popolazione (P) pazienti in cure palliative, intervento (I) applicazione della Dignity Therapy ed esito (O) impatto sulla qualità della vita del paziente e ruolo dell’infermiere. Sono stati applicati filtri temporali, selezionando studi pubblicati dal 2015 ad oggi, limitandosi ai testi in free full text ed usando come operatore booleano solo “AND”. I criteri di inclusione comprendevano studi riguardanti pazienti in fine vita con malattie croniche, infermieri coinvolti nell’assistenza e risultati sull’efficacia della Terapia della Dignità. Sono stati esclusi studi pediatrici, precedenti al 2015 o effettuati in aree critiche. Risultati La revisione della letteratura ha evidenziato che Dignity Therapy migliora la qualità della vita e il benessere emotivo dei pazienti in fase avanzata di malattia, favorendo senso di significato, relazione e riduzione di ansia e depressione. Il ruolo dell’infermiere si amplia da tecnico a relazionale ed emotivo, richiedendo competenze specifiche di ascolto empatico, narrazione e formazione adeguata. La sua applicabilità quotidiana è limitata da fattori organizzativi come il tempo e le risorse disponibili. L’integrazione nella pratica infermieristica risulta fattibile in diversi contesti internazionali, inclusa l’Italia, se supportata da preparazione e strutture flessibili. Discussione e conclusione Le differenze nei risultati, specialmente riguardo al distress spirituale e alla preparazione alla morte, suggeriscono la necessità di ulteriori studi per approfondire le variabili culturali e individuali che influenzano l’efficacia dell’intervento. Infine, per garantire un’applicazione sostenibile e integrata nella pratica clinica è fondamentale investire nella formazione, favorendo una visione olistica e centrata sulla persona che valorizzi la dignità del paziente, con prospettive di ampliamento anche alle fasi precoci della malattia. Keywords: Terapia della Dignità, cure palliative, dignità del paziente, qualità della vita, esperienza del paziente, infermiere, assistenza infermieristica, ruolo dell'infermiere, cure palliative e dignità, supporto psicologico, intervento infermieristico, comunicazione infermieristica, benessere psicologico, assistenza palliativa, fine vita, dignità.
La Terapia della Dignità nei pazienti in cure palliative: percezione della qualità della vita e ruolo dell'infermiere
BARBARES, ANTONIO
2024/2025
Abstract
Introduction and Background Within the field of nursing care, dignity represents a fundamental human need—particularly in palliative care, where patients experience fragility and vulnerability. Dignity Therapy (DT), developed by Harvey Max Chochinov, is a psychosocial intervention aimed at preserving and strengthening the sense of personal worth in patients facing advanced illness. This approach is based on life storytelling and the recognition of the individual, with the goal of enhancing the quality of the end-of-life experience. Objective The main objective of this analysis is to evaluate the effect of Dignity Therapy on the quality of life and emotional well-being of patients with advanced disease. Additionally, it aims to explore the impact of this intervention on the nursing role and assess its applicability within Italian palliative care settings. Methodology This study was conducted through a literature review using the PubMed and Cochrane Library databases. The research questions were: What is the impact of Dignity Therapy on the quality of life of palliative care patients? How does DT influence the nursing role? Is this intervention applicable and sustainable in daily practice? The research design followed the P.I.O. model, where: Population (P): patients receiving palliative care Intervention (I): implementation of Dignity Therapy Outcome (O): impact on patients’ quality of life and on the nursing role Temporal filters were applied, selecting studies published from 2015 onwards, restricted to free full-text articles, and using only the Boolean operator “AND.” Inclusion criteria comprised studies involving end-of-life patients with chronic illnesses, nurses engaged in patient care, and findings regarding the effectiveness of Dignity Therapy. Studies involving pediatric populations, conducted before 2015, or carried out in critical care settings were excluded. Results The literature review highlighted that Dignity Therapy improves both quality of life and emotional well-being in patients with advanced illness. It promotes a sense of meaning, connection, and reduces anxiety and depression. The nursing role expands from a technical to a relational and emotional dimension, requiring specific skills such as empathic listening, narrative competence, and adequate training. Its everyday applicability is limited by organizational factors, including time constraints and resource availability. Nevertheless, the integration of DT into nursing practice has proven feasible across various international contexts—including Italy—when supported by appropriate training and flexible care structures. Discussion and Conclusion Differences in outcomes, particularly concerning spiritual distress and preparedness for death, indicate the need for further research to explore the cultural and individual variables influencing the intervention’s effectiveness. Ultimately, to ensure sustainable and integrated implementation in clinical practice, it is essential to invest in education and training, fostering a holistic, person-centered perspective that values patients’ dignity. This approach could also be beneficial when introduced in the earlier stages of illness. Keywords: Dignity Therapy, palliative care, patient dignity, quality of life, patient experience, nursing, nursing care, nurse’s role, palliative care and dignity, psychological support, nursing intervention, nursing communication, psychological well-being, palliative assistance, end-of-life care, dignity.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/99350