BACKGROUND: Intensive care units present stressors (noise, lights, alarms, procedures, isolation) that, in conscious patients, increase anxiety and perceived stress, with effects on well-being, pain, sleep and therapeutic cooperation. Due to their proximity and continuity of care, nurses can recognize this distress and implement person-centred complementary non-pharmacological interventions. This review summarizes the evidence on nurse-managed non-pharmacological interventions related to psychological stress in ICU patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature review was conducted through a bibliographic research of evidence from the last 5 years, 2020–2025, querying the PubMed, CHINAL, Cochrane Library, SNLG and NICE databases. All studies, both narrative and qualitative or quantitative, in English and Italian and involving conscious adult populations, were included. Duplicate studies, paediatric studies and studies on unconscious and/or intubated adults were excluded. Studies were selected for relevance by reading the title, abstract and full text. RESULTS: Four complementary treatments were highlighted: music therapy, live music therapy, aromatherapy and iVR (Immersive Virtual reality) therapy. Overall, the treatments above to be feasible and safe, with significant reductions in anxiety and perceived stress, pain, agitation and sleep quality. CONCLUSION: Nurse-managed non-pharmacological treatments are effective in the management of patients’ stress and anxiety, while also being safe, mostly low-cost and easily implementable within care pathways, nursing care and care plans, in order to treat and ease stress and psychological distress in conscious ICU patients. Customized operational protocols, targeted training and personalization of care are recommended; multimodal approaches are also advised, as they could enhance the effectiveness of the treatments. This evidence will need further studies with larger samples, standardized measures and prolonged follow-ups for consolidate its use in clinical practice. KEY WORDS: Stress, Psychological stress, Perception, ICU, Patient, Music therapy, Aromatherapy, Stress management, Relaxation techniques, Mindfulness, Therapeutic touch, Nursing.
BACKGROUND: Le unità di terapia intensiva presentano stressors (rumori, luci, allarmi, procedure, isolamento) che, nei pazienti coscienti, incrementano ansia e stress percepito con effetti sul benessere, dolore, sonno e collaborazione terapeutica. L’infermiere, per prossimità e continuità assistenziale, può riconoscere il disagio e attuare interventi complementari non farmacologici centrati sulla persona. Questa revisione sintetizza le evidenze sugli interventi non farmacologici a gestione infermieristica relativi allo stress psicologico nei pazienti in ICU. MATERIALI E METODI: È stata condotta una revisione di letteratura tramite ricerca bibliografica delle evidenze degli ultimi 5 anni 2020-2025, interrogando i database PubMed, CHINAL, Cochrane Library, SNLG e NICE. Sono stati inclusi tutti gli studi sia in forma narrativa sia qualitativa che quantitativa in lingua inglese e italiana, nella fascia di popolazione adulta cosciente. Sono stati esclusi studi duplicati, pediatrici e su adulti incoscienti e/o intubati. Gli studi sono stati selezionati per pertinenza tramite lettura del titolo, abstract e full text. RISULTATI: Sono stati evidenziati quattro trattamenti complementari: musicoterapia, musicoterapia dal vivo, aromaterapia e iVR (Immersive Virtual reality) terapia. Globalmente gli interventi sono risultati essere fattibili e sicuri, con riduzioni significative di ansia e stress percepito, dolore, agitazione e qualità del sonno. CONCLUSIONE: Gli interventi non farmacologici a gestione infermieristica sono efficaci nel trattamento di stress e ansia, sicuri, praticabili, spesso a basso costo e implementabili nei percorsi di cura, nell’assistenza infermieristica e nei piani assistenziali per poter trattare e alleviare lo stress e il disagio psicologico nei pazienti coscienti in ICU. Si raccomandano protocolli operativi personalizzati, formazione mirata e personalizzazione delle cure; approcci multimodali sono consigliati dato che potrebbero potenziarne l’efficacia. Servono studi con campioni maggiori, misure standardizzate e follow-up prolungati per consolidare l’evidenza nella pratica. PAROLE CHIAVE: Stress, Psychological stress, Perception, ICU, Patient, Music therapy, Aromatherapy, Stress management, Relaxation techniques, Mindfulness, Therapeutic touch, Nursing.
Interventi non farmacologici di gestione infermieristica per lo stress psicologico dei pazienti ricoverati in ICU: una revisione di letteratura.
CITO, GIOVANNI
2024/2025
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Intensive care units present stressors (noise, lights, alarms, procedures, isolation) that, in conscious patients, increase anxiety and perceived stress, with effects on well-being, pain, sleep and therapeutic cooperation. Due to their proximity and continuity of care, nurses can recognize this distress and implement person-centred complementary non-pharmacological interventions. This review summarizes the evidence on nurse-managed non-pharmacological interventions related to psychological stress in ICU patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature review was conducted through a bibliographic research of evidence from the last 5 years, 2020–2025, querying the PubMed, CHINAL, Cochrane Library, SNLG and NICE databases. All studies, both narrative and qualitative or quantitative, in English and Italian and involving conscious adult populations, were included. Duplicate studies, paediatric studies and studies on unconscious and/or intubated adults were excluded. Studies were selected for relevance by reading the title, abstract and full text. RESULTS: Four complementary treatments were highlighted: music therapy, live music therapy, aromatherapy and iVR (Immersive Virtual reality) therapy. Overall, the treatments above to be feasible and safe, with significant reductions in anxiety and perceived stress, pain, agitation and sleep quality. CONCLUSION: Nurse-managed non-pharmacological treatments are effective in the management of patients’ stress and anxiety, while also being safe, mostly low-cost and easily implementable within care pathways, nursing care and care plans, in order to treat and ease stress and psychological distress in conscious ICU patients. Customized operational protocols, targeted training and personalization of care are recommended; multimodal approaches are also advised, as they could enhance the effectiveness of the treatments. This evidence will need further studies with larger samples, standardized measures and prolonged follow-ups for consolidate its use in clinical practice. KEY WORDS: Stress, Psychological stress, Perception, ICU, Patient, Music therapy, Aromatherapy, Stress management, Relaxation techniques, Mindfulness, Therapeutic touch, Nursing.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/99365