Background: Sexual health represents a fundamental dimension of adolescent well-being, impacting physical, emotional, and relational well-being. In Italy, however, the lack of structured programs and the limited integration of nurses into school settings make sexual health promotion a fragmented area. In this context, nursing can be a key resource for ensuring scientifically based, empathetic, and inclusive education. Objective: To analyze nursing strategies adopted to promote sexual and reproductive health among adolescents and young people, identifying effective interventions and the main operational and cultural challenges that have emerged in the literature. Materials and methods: The literature search was conducted using the PubMed database, employing search terms formulated according to the P.I.C.O. method. The search strategy yielded a total of 88 articles, all published between 2015 and 2025. A screening process was then performed, excluding duplicates and subsequently selecting articles based on title, abstract, and full-text availability, excluding those not relevant to the topic of interest. At the end of this process, 12 articles were included. Results: The analysis of studies shows that nurses face several challenges in promoting sexual health among adolescents, primarily related to a lack of specific training, cultural resistance, and poor collaboration between schools and community services. Despite these challenges, the literature recognizes nurses' central role in building an educational dialogue based on trust, listening, and relational skills. The content considered essential for effective sexuality education not only concerns the biological and preventive dimensions (such as contraception,HIV, and sexually transmitted infections) but also includes consent, mutual respect, gender equality, and the development of communication and emotional skills. The most effective educational strategies are interactive and ongoing, conducted by school nurses or in collaboration with teachers and families, integrating group activities, counseling, peer education, and an approach based on the Comprehensive Sexuality Education model. Nurse-led interventions demonstrate a more lasting impact on knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, and protective behaviors than those conducted by teachers or non-healthcare professionals. Discussion and conclusions: The review confirms that nurses, thanks to their communication and interpersonal skills, can play a crucial role in promoting sexual and relational health in adolescents. However, to fully appreciate their contribution, greater institutional recognition, targeted training investment, and the stable inclusion of nurses in school settings are needed. Programs based on a comprehensive and multidimensional approach, such as Comprehensive Sexuality Education, prove to be the most effective in promoting informed, respectful, and inclusive sexuality. Strengthening the presence of school nurses therefore means promoting not only prevention but also the overall well-being of the younger generations. Keywords: adolescents, students, sex education, sexual health promotion, school nurse, health education, prevention, educational strategies.
Background: La salute sessuale rappresenta una dimensione fondamentale del benessere adolescenziale, influenzando la sfera fisica, emotiva e relazionale. In Italia, tuttavia, la mancanza di programmi strutturati e la scarsa integrazione dell’infermiere nei contesti scolastici rendono la promozione della salute sessuale un ambito ancora frammentato. In questo contesto, il ruolo infermieristico può rappresentare una risorsa chiave per garantire un’educazione scientificamente fondata, empatica e inclusiva. Obiettivo: analizzare le strategie infermieristiche adottate per promuovere la salute sessuale e riproduttiva tra adolescenti e giovani, identificando gli interventi efficaci e le principali sfide operative e culturali emerse nella letteratura. Materiali e metodi: La ricerca in letteratura è stata condotta utilizzando la banca dati PubMed, impiegando stringhe di ricerca formulate secondo il metodo P.I.C.O. La strategia di ricerca ha prodotto un totale di 88 articoli, tutti pubblicati nel periodo compreso tra il 2015 e il 2025. È stato quindi effettuato un processo di screening, che ha previsto l’esclusione dei duplicati e, successivamente, la selezione degli articoli in base a titolo, abstract e disponibilità di full text, escludendo quelli non pertinenti all’argomento di interesse. Al termine di questo processo, sono stati inclusi 12 articoli. Risultati: Dall’analisi degli studi emerge che gli infermieri affrontano diverse sfide nella promozione della salute sessuale tra gli adolescenti, legate principalmente alla carenza di formazione specifica, alle resistenze culturali e alla scarsa collaborazione tra scuola e servizi territoriali. Nonostante queste difficoltà, la letteratura riconosce all’infermiere un ruolo centrale nella costruzione di un dialogo educativo basato sulla fiducia, sull’ascolto e sulla competenza relazionale. I contenuti ritenuti essenziali per un’educazione sessuale efficace non riguardano solo la dimensione biologica e preventiva (come contraccezione, HIV e infezioni sessualmente trasmissibili) ma includono anche il consenso, il rispetto reciproco, la parità di genere e lo sviluppo di competenze comunicative ed emotive. Le strategie educative più efficaci sono quelle di tipo interattivo e continuativo, condotte da infermieri scolastici o in collaborazione con insegnanti e famiglie, che integrano attività di gruppo, counselling, peer education e un approccio basato sul modello della Comprehensive Sexuality Education. Gli interventi guidati da infermieri mostrano un impatto più duraturo su conoscenze, atteggiamenti, autoefficacia e comportamenti protettivi rispetto a quelli condotti da docenti o operatori non sanitari. Discussione e conclusioni: La revisione conferma che l’infermiere, grazie alle proprie competenze comunicative e relazionali, può svolgere un ruolo determinante nella promozione della salute sessuale e relazionale in adolescenza. Tuttavia, per valorizzarne pienamente il contributo è necessario un maggiore riconoscimento istituzionale, un investimento formativo mirato e l’inserimento stabile della figura infermieristica nei contesti scolastici. I programmi basati su un approccio comprensivo e multidimensionale, come la Comprehensive Sexuality Education, si dimostrano i più efficaci nel promuovere una sessualità consapevole, rispettosa e inclusiva. Rafforzare la presenza dell’infermiere scolastico significa quindi promuovere non solo la prevenzione, ma anche il benessere globale delle nuove generazioni. Parole chiave: adolescents, students, sex education, sexual health promotion, school nurse, health education, prevention, educational strategies.
Promozione della salute sessuale negli adolescenti: efficacia degli interventi educativi infermieristici, una revisione di letteratura
MENEGHEL, NICOLA
2024/2025
Abstract
Background: Sexual health represents a fundamental dimension of adolescent well-being, impacting physical, emotional, and relational well-being. In Italy, however, the lack of structured programs and the limited integration of nurses into school settings make sexual health promotion a fragmented area. In this context, nursing can be a key resource for ensuring scientifically based, empathetic, and inclusive education. Objective: To analyze nursing strategies adopted to promote sexual and reproductive health among adolescents and young people, identifying effective interventions and the main operational and cultural challenges that have emerged in the literature. Materials and methods: The literature search was conducted using the PubMed database, employing search terms formulated according to the P.I.C.O. method. The search strategy yielded a total of 88 articles, all published between 2015 and 2025. A screening process was then performed, excluding duplicates and subsequently selecting articles based on title, abstract, and full-text availability, excluding those not relevant to the topic of interest. At the end of this process, 12 articles were included. Results: The analysis of studies shows that nurses face several challenges in promoting sexual health among adolescents, primarily related to a lack of specific training, cultural resistance, and poor collaboration between schools and community services. Despite these challenges, the literature recognizes nurses' central role in building an educational dialogue based on trust, listening, and relational skills. The content considered essential for effective sexuality education not only concerns the biological and preventive dimensions (such as contraception,HIV, and sexually transmitted infections) but also includes consent, mutual respect, gender equality, and the development of communication and emotional skills. The most effective educational strategies are interactive and ongoing, conducted by school nurses or in collaboration with teachers and families, integrating group activities, counseling, peer education, and an approach based on the Comprehensive Sexuality Education model. Nurse-led interventions demonstrate a more lasting impact on knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, and protective behaviors than those conducted by teachers or non-healthcare professionals. Discussion and conclusions: The review confirms that nurses, thanks to their communication and interpersonal skills, can play a crucial role in promoting sexual and relational health in adolescents. However, to fully appreciate their contribution, greater institutional recognition, targeted training investment, and the stable inclusion of nurses in school settings are needed. Programs based on a comprehensive and multidimensional approach, such as Comprehensive Sexuality Education, prove to be the most effective in promoting informed, respectful, and inclusive sexuality. Strengthening the presence of school nurses therefore means promoting not only prevention but also the overall well-being of the younger generations. Keywords: adolescents, students, sex education, sexual health promotion, school nurse, health education, prevention, educational strategies.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Meneghel_Nicola.pdf
Accesso riservato
Dimensione
767.99 kB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
767.99 kB | Adobe PDF |
The text of this website © Università degli studi di Padova. Full Text are published under a non-exclusive license. Metadata are under a CC0 License
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/99399