ABSTRACT Background: Suicide is one of the leading causes of death among adolescents, with a significant increase in rates over recent decades. Suicidal crises affect not only the adolescent but the entire family unit: parents often experience shock, guilt, fear, and isolation, with a negative impact on their well-being and family relationships. The literature confirms that such events compromise the psychological well-being of caregivers, alter parent–child relationships, and require a long process of adaptation to re-establish a “new family balance.” Although parents are key figures in the prevention and management of crises, they often feel unprepared to recognize warning signs and to provide effective support. Nurses, together with a multidisciplinary team, play a crucial role not only in the direct care of adolescents but also in supporting parents through listening, education, and preventive strategies. Aim: The aim of this paper is to identify which strategies are described in the literature as most effective for managing parents of adolescents at risk of suicide. The nursing contribution in managing and supporting family members is analyzed by identifying care approaches, communication strategies, and educational tools described in scientific literature over the past 15 years. Materials and Methods: A literature review was conducted following a systematic approach through consultation of the PUBMED, CINHAL, and PSYCINFO databases, using both free-text and MeSH terms. Article selection followed a PICO framework and included 8 studies. Results: The literature highlights that parents are key figures in the prevention and management of adolescent suicidal crises. They often experience fear, a sense of failure, and loneliness; targeted educational and support programs can strengthen their self-efficacy, improve caregiving capacity, and reduce future risks for their children. Conclusions: Nurses play a pivotal role in supporting and assisting parents of adolescents at risk of suicide. They must be prepared to provide trauma-informed care to both adolescents and their parents, individually and collectively. Nurses are ideally positioned to deliver family-based care and to adapt multiprofessional therapeutic decisions to better support the adolescent and their parents during these challenging times. This highlights that the nurse is not only a provider of clinical care but also a key figure in supporting the family as a whole and in planning interventions tailored to the specific needs of young people at risk of suicide and their relatives. However, the management and training of parents with adolescents at risk of suicide remain underexplored topics in the reviewed literature. Future studies and research are encouraged to further develop this area. Keywords: parents, caregiver, youth, teen, adolescent, nurses, suicide, suicide crisis, suicide prevention, suicide education, suicidal phenomenon, support, intervention, self-efficacy, parent, program, education, experience, review.
ABSTRACT Background: Il suicidio rappresenta una delle principali cause di morte negli adolescenti, con un incremento significativo dei tassi negli ultimi decenni. Le crisi suicidarie non colpiscono solo l’adolescente, ma l’intero nucleo familiare: i genitori vivono spesso shock, senso di colpa, paura e isolamento, con un impatto negativo sul loro benessere e sulle relazioni familiari. La letteratura conferma che tali eventi compromettono il benessere psicologico dei caregiver, modificano le relazioni genitore-figlio e richiedono un lungo processo di adattamento per ristabilire un “nuovo equilibrio” familiare. I genitori, pur essendo figure chiave nella prevenzione e nella gestione delle crisi, spesso si sentono impreparati ad affrontare i segnali di rischio ed a fornire un supporto efficace. Gli infermieri, insieme ad un’equipe multidisciplinare, svolgono un ruolo cruciale non solo nella presa in carico diretta degli adolescenti, ma anche nel sostegno ai genitori attraverso ascolto, educazione e strategie di prevenzione. Obiettivo: L’obiettivo di questo elaborato è quello di identificare quali sono le strategie indicate in letteratura come maggiormente efficaci per la gestione dei genitori di adolescenti a rischio suicidio. Viene analizzato il contributo infermieristico nella gestione e nel supporto ai familiari, individuando gli approcci assistenziali, le strategie comunicative e gli strumenti educativi descritti nella letteratura scientifica negli ultimi 15 anni. Materiali e metodi: È stata effettuata una revisione della letteratura seguendo un approccio sistematico, tramite la consultazione delle banche dati PUBMED, CINHAL e PSYCINFO, utilizzando termini liberi e termini MeSH. La selezione degli articoli ha seguito uno schema PICO ed ha incluso 8 articoli. Risultati: Nella letteratura viene evidenziato che i genitori sono figure chiave nella prevenzione e nella gestione delle crisi suicidarie adolescenziali. Essi spesso, sperimentano paura, senso di fallimento e solitudine; programmi educativi e di supporto mirati possono rafforzarne l’autoefficacia, migliorare la capacità di caregiving e ridurre i rischi futuri per i figli. Conclusioni: L’infermiere rappresenta una figura cardine nel dare supporto ed aiuto ai genitori con a carico adolescenti a rischio suicidio. Essi devono essere pronti a fornire un’assistenza consapevole del trauma all’adolescente ed ai genitori, individualmente e collettivamente. Gli infermieri sono nella posizione ideale per fornire assistenza basata sui sistemi familiari e adattare le decisioni terapeutiche multiprofessionali per supportare meglio il giovane e i suoi genitori in questi momenti difficili. Ciò sottolinea che l’infermiere non è solo esecutore di cure cliniche, ma risulta una figura chiave nel sostenere la famiglia nel suo insieme e nel predisporre interventi adeguati ai bisogni specifici dei giovani a rischio suicidio e dei loro familiari. Tuttavia, la gestione e la formazione dei genitori con adolescenti a rischio suicidio è un tema scarsamente trattato nella letteratura presa in considerazione. Si auspica in futuro la realizzazione di studi e ricerche mirate ad implementare questo ambito. Keywords: parents, caregiver, youth, teen, adolescent, nurses, suicide, suicide crisis, suicide prevention, suicide education, suicidal phenomenon, support, intervention, self-efficacy, parent, program, education, experience, review. Parole chiavi: genitori, familiari, giovani, adolescenti, infermieri, suicidio, crisi suicidaria, prevenzione suicidio, educazione al suicidio, fenomeno suicidario, supporto, intervento, autoefficacia, programma educativo, esperienze, revisioni.
Gestione infermieristica dei genitori con adolescenti a rischio suicidio: una revisione della letteratura
MILANESE, GIULIA
2024/2025
Abstract
ABSTRACT Background: Suicide is one of the leading causes of death among adolescents, with a significant increase in rates over recent decades. Suicidal crises affect not only the adolescent but the entire family unit: parents often experience shock, guilt, fear, and isolation, with a negative impact on their well-being and family relationships. The literature confirms that such events compromise the psychological well-being of caregivers, alter parent–child relationships, and require a long process of adaptation to re-establish a “new family balance.” Although parents are key figures in the prevention and management of crises, they often feel unprepared to recognize warning signs and to provide effective support. Nurses, together with a multidisciplinary team, play a crucial role not only in the direct care of adolescents but also in supporting parents through listening, education, and preventive strategies. Aim: The aim of this paper is to identify which strategies are described in the literature as most effective for managing parents of adolescents at risk of suicide. The nursing contribution in managing and supporting family members is analyzed by identifying care approaches, communication strategies, and educational tools described in scientific literature over the past 15 years. Materials and Methods: A literature review was conducted following a systematic approach through consultation of the PUBMED, CINHAL, and PSYCINFO databases, using both free-text and MeSH terms. Article selection followed a PICO framework and included 8 studies. Results: The literature highlights that parents are key figures in the prevention and management of adolescent suicidal crises. They often experience fear, a sense of failure, and loneliness; targeted educational and support programs can strengthen their self-efficacy, improve caregiving capacity, and reduce future risks for their children. Conclusions: Nurses play a pivotal role in supporting and assisting parents of adolescents at risk of suicide. They must be prepared to provide trauma-informed care to both adolescents and their parents, individually and collectively. Nurses are ideally positioned to deliver family-based care and to adapt multiprofessional therapeutic decisions to better support the adolescent and their parents during these challenging times. This highlights that the nurse is not only a provider of clinical care but also a key figure in supporting the family as a whole and in planning interventions tailored to the specific needs of young people at risk of suicide and their relatives. However, the management and training of parents with adolescents at risk of suicide remain underexplored topics in the reviewed literature. Future studies and research are encouraged to further develop this area. Keywords: parents, caregiver, youth, teen, adolescent, nurses, suicide, suicide crisis, suicide prevention, suicide education, suicidal phenomenon, support, intervention, self-efficacy, parent, program, education, experience, review.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/99401