Background Child maltreatment is a major public health issue worldwide, with serious repercussions on the child’s physical and psychological development and both short- and long-term consequences. This phenomenon takes many forms, including physical, psychological, and sexual abuse, as well as neglect, and is more common in contexts marked by social vulnerability or dysfunctional family situations. Prevention is considered a priority by major international organizations, such as the WHO, which promote preventive strategies through educational campaigns, early screening, and multidisciplinary approaches to care. Nurses play a central role in this context, as they support the daily lives and care of children, families, and communities. Aim The aim of this thesis is to analyze, through a literature review, the contribution of nursing to the prevention of child maltreatment, focusing on the levels of prevention adopted by nurses and on critical issues relevant to clinical practice. Materials and Methods A literature review was conducted using PubMed and CINAHL databases. The search strategy included both free terms and MeSH, which were combined into two separate search strings. A 10-year time filter was applied. A total of 449 studies were retrieved, of which 17 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Results Analysis of the selected documents highlighted several key areas of nursing intervention. At the level of primary prevention, nurses are engaged in positive parenting, health education, and family awareness. Regarding secondary prevention, they are often the first to detect early signs of abuse and to implement protective measures. Finally, in tertiary prevention, they contribute to supporting abused children and collaborating with other professionals. The studies also identified significant barriers, such as inadequate specific training, lack of clear operational guidelines, fear of legal liability, and risk of emotional overload. Conclusions This review confirms the central role of nurses in the prevention of child maltreatment and highlights opportunities for further development. It also stresses the need to strengthen nursing education and interdisciplinary collaboration in order to ensure earlier identification of vulnerable children who require protection. Keywords Child abuse; Nurse’s role; Prevention; Health promotion; Early detection.
Background Il maltrattamento infantile costituisce un rilevante problema di salute pubblica a livello globale, con gravi ripercussioni sullo sviluppo psicofisico del minore e conseguenze a breve e lungo termine. Questo fenomeno assume molte forme: abuso fisico, psicologico, sessuale e negligenza ed è più comune in contesti dove vi è fragilità sociale o situazioni familiari non funzionali. La prevenzione risulta prioritaria per grandi organismi internazionali, come l'OMS, che promuovono un approccio preventivo attraverso campagne educative, screening precoci e approcci multidisciplinari alla gestione. Gli infermieri in questo contesto hanno una posizione di centralità, poiché supportano la vita quotidiana e la cura di bambini, famiglie e comunità. Obiettivo Lo scopo di questa tesi è analizzare, attraverso una revisione della letteratura, il contributo infermieristico nella prevenzione del maltrattamento infantile, concentrandosi sui livelli di prevenzione adottati dagli infermieri, nonché su questioni critiche rilevanti a livello clinico. Materiali e Metodi È stata condotta una revisione della letteratura utilizzando le banche dati PubMed e CINAHL. La strategia di ricerca è composta da termini liberi e MeSH, questi hanno formato due diverse stringhe. È stato applicato un filtro temporale di 10 anni. Sono stati recuperati in totale 449 studi, di questi, 17 articoli soddisfacevano i criteri di inclusione e sono stati inseriti nella revisione. Risultati Dall'analisi di tutti i documenti, sono emersi vari temi come principali campi di intervento infermieristico. A livello di prevenzione primaria, gli infermieri sono coinvolti nella genitorialità positiva, nell'educazione sanitaria e nella consapevolezza familiare. Per la prevenzione secondaria, invece, sono i primi a rilevare precocemente segnali di abuso e adottare misure protettive. Infine, nella terza fase, sono coinvolti nell'aiutare i bambini abusati e nel collaborare con altre professioni. Gli studi hanno anche identificato ostacoli maggiori, degni di nota, come una formazione specifica inadeguata, mancanza di direttive operative chiare, paura della responsabilità legale e rischio di sovraccarico emotivo. Conclusioni La revisione conferma quanto sia centrale il ruolo dell’infermiere nella prevenzione degli abusi sui minori e ne evidenzia le possibilità di nuovi sviluppi. La tesi sottolinea ulteriormente la necessità di migliorare l'educazione infermieristica e la collaborazione interdisciplinare, al fine di identificare più rapidamente quei bambini che sono più vulnerabili e che quindi hanno maggiormente bisogno di protezione. Keywords Child abuse; Nurse’s role; Prevention; Health promotion; Early detection. Parole chiave Maltrattamento infantile; Ruolo dell’infermiere; Prevenzione; Promozione della salute; Individuazione precoce.
PROTEGGERE L’INFANZIA: IL RUOLO DELL’INFERMIERE NELLA PREVENZIONE DEL MALTRATTAMENTO INFANTILE. UNA REVISIONE DELLA LETTERATURA.
ULIANA, AURORA IRENE
2024/2025
Abstract
Background Child maltreatment is a major public health issue worldwide, with serious repercussions on the child’s physical and psychological development and both short- and long-term consequences. This phenomenon takes many forms, including physical, psychological, and sexual abuse, as well as neglect, and is more common in contexts marked by social vulnerability or dysfunctional family situations. Prevention is considered a priority by major international organizations, such as the WHO, which promote preventive strategies through educational campaigns, early screening, and multidisciplinary approaches to care. Nurses play a central role in this context, as they support the daily lives and care of children, families, and communities. Aim The aim of this thesis is to analyze, through a literature review, the contribution of nursing to the prevention of child maltreatment, focusing on the levels of prevention adopted by nurses and on critical issues relevant to clinical practice. Materials and Methods A literature review was conducted using PubMed and CINAHL databases. The search strategy included both free terms and MeSH, which were combined into two separate search strings. A 10-year time filter was applied. A total of 449 studies were retrieved, of which 17 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Results Analysis of the selected documents highlighted several key areas of nursing intervention. At the level of primary prevention, nurses are engaged in positive parenting, health education, and family awareness. Regarding secondary prevention, they are often the first to detect early signs of abuse and to implement protective measures. Finally, in tertiary prevention, they contribute to supporting abused children and collaborating with other professionals. The studies also identified significant barriers, such as inadequate specific training, lack of clear operational guidelines, fear of legal liability, and risk of emotional overload. Conclusions This review confirms the central role of nurses in the prevention of child maltreatment and highlights opportunities for further development. It also stresses the need to strengthen nursing education and interdisciplinary collaboration in order to ensure earlier identification of vulnerable children who require protection. Keywords Child abuse; Nurse’s role; Prevention; Health promotion; Early detection.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/99405