Plant protection products use in agriculture ensures high yields and profitability for farmers. On the other hand, it is essential to find solutions to mitigate the impact they can have on the environment. In this context, it is important to assess the environmental fate of plant protection products that have recently been placed on the market and have been little studied, such as fluopicolide (introduced in Italy in 2008), a fungicide that is effective in controlling downy mildew, but it is characterised by high mobility and persistence in the soil. This thesis was carried out within the departmental project BIRD239585 and aimed to study the use of biochar as a best management practice to mitigate the fluopicolide agroecosystem contamination. Two experiments were conducted at lysimeter and laboratory scale to determine the effect of biochar on the accumulation and degradation of fluopicolide in the soil. In addition, hydraulic and microstructural analyses were conducted before and after amendment with biochar (e.g., specific surface area, X-ray microtomography) to study its interaction with microbial communities. Main results showed that the application of biochar modifies the physical, hydraulic and microstructural properties of the soil, thereby influencing the dynamics of fluopicolide. The application of biochar increased the adsorbent capacity of the soils, leading to greater retention of the fungicide in the surface layer and a reduction in concentrations in the circulating solution, in the 15-30 cm deep layer, compared to untreated soils. Dissipation times (DT50) were significantly higher in amended soils (up to 115 days), confirming lower fluopicolide mobility and greater persistence of the compound in the presence of biochar. Correlation analyses showed that structural parameters are positively associated with the ability of biochar-treated soil to retain fluopicolide. Microbiological investigations have confirmed that the changes induced by soil amendment with biochar also affect certain functional components of the microbial community, suggesting potential effects on the degradation of the compound. Overall, the study highlights that biochar can represent an effective sustainable agricultural practice for mitigating the dispersion of fluopicolide, reducing the risk of environmental contamination, suggesting incentives for its application among farmers as a viable. Future studies are suggested to understand the long-term effect on soil and microbial communities with repeated application of the fungicide.
L’uso di prodotti fitosanitari in agricoltura assicura rese elevate e redditività agli agricoltori. Per contro, risulta indispensabile trovare soluzioni per mitigare l’impatto che essi possono generare nell’ambiente. In questo contesto, è rilevante la valutazione del destino ambientale di prodotti fitosanitari recentemente immessi nel mercato e poco studiati come il fluopicolide (introdotto in Italia nel 2008), un fungicida efficace nel combattere la peronospora, ma caratterizzato da mobilità e persistenza nel suolo. Il lavoro di tesi, svolto all’interno del progetto dipartimentale BIRD239585, ha avuto come obiettivo quello di studiare l’utilizzo del biochar come buona pratica per mitigare la dispersione di fluopicolide nell’agroecosistema. Due esperimenti sono stati condotti a scala lisimetrica e di laboratorio, per determinare l’effetto del biochar sull’accumulo e sulla degradazione di fluopicolide nel suolo. Inoltre, sono state condotte analisi idrauliche e microstrutturali prima e dopo l’ammendamento con biochar (es. superficie specifica, microtomografia a raggi X) per studiare l’interazione che esso determina con le comunità microbiche. I risultati ottenuti dimostrano che l’applicazione del biochar modifica le proprietà fisiche, idrauliche e microstrutturali del suolo, influenzando di conseguenza la dinamica di movimento del fluopicolide. L’applicazione del biochar ha aumentato l’adsorbimento nei suoli, comportando un maggiore accumulo del fungicida nello strato superficiale e una riduzione delle concentrazioni nella soluzione circolante, specialmente negli strati profondi corrispondenti ai 30 cm, rispetto ai suoli non trattati. I tempi di dissipazione (DT50) sono risultati significativamente più elevati nei suoli ammendati (fino a 115 giorni), confermando una minore mobilità del fluopicolide e un maggiore accumulo del composto in presenza del biochar. Le analisi di correlazione hanno evidenziato come alcuni parametri strutturali siano positivamente associati alla capacità del suolo trattato con biochar di trattenere il fluopicolide. Le indagini microbiologiche hanno confermato che le modifiche indotte dall’ammendamento dei suoli con biochar influenzano anche alcune componenti funzionali della comunità microbica, suggerendo potenziali effetti sulla degradazione del composto. Complessivamente, lo studio evidenzia come il biochar rappresenti una pratica interessante per mitigare la dispersione del fluopicolide nei suoli agricoli, riducendo il rischio di contaminazione degli strati più profondi. I risultati suggeriscono che l’utilizzo di biochar potrebbe essere supportato e diffuso tra gli agricoltori come strumento concreto per migliorare la qualità del suolo e favorire una gestione delle pratiche agricole più sostenibile. Si suggeriscono studi futuri per comprendere l’effetto nel lungo periodo sul suolo e sulle comunità microbiche con l’applicazione reiterata del fungicida.
Uso del biochar come strategia per contrastare la contaminazione da fluopicolide in ambiente agricolo: effetti sulla struttura e microbiologia di due suoli dell’alta pianura trevigiana
FORCATO, ALESSIA
2024/2025
Abstract
Plant protection products use in agriculture ensures high yields and profitability for farmers. On the other hand, it is essential to find solutions to mitigate the impact they can have on the environment. In this context, it is important to assess the environmental fate of plant protection products that have recently been placed on the market and have been little studied, such as fluopicolide (introduced in Italy in 2008), a fungicide that is effective in controlling downy mildew, but it is characterised by high mobility and persistence in the soil. This thesis was carried out within the departmental project BIRD239585 and aimed to study the use of biochar as a best management practice to mitigate the fluopicolide agroecosystem contamination. Two experiments were conducted at lysimeter and laboratory scale to determine the effect of biochar on the accumulation and degradation of fluopicolide in the soil. In addition, hydraulic and microstructural analyses were conducted before and after amendment with biochar (e.g., specific surface area, X-ray microtomography) to study its interaction with microbial communities. Main results showed that the application of biochar modifies the physical, hydraulic and microstructural properties of the soil, thereby influencing the dynamics of fluopicolide. The application of biochar increased the adsorbent capacity of the soils, leading to greater retention of the fungicide in the surface layer and a reduction in concentrations in the circulating solution, in the 15-30 cm deep layer, compared to untreated soils. Dissipation times (DT50) were significantly higher in amended soils (up to 115 days), confirming lower fluopicolide mobility and greater persistence of the compound in the presence of biochar. Correlation analyses showed that structural parameters are positively associated with the ability of biochar-treated soil to retain fluopicolide. Microbiological investigations have confirmed that the changes induced by soil amendment with biochar also affect certain functional components of the microbial community, suggesting potential effects on the degradation of the compound. Overall, the study highlights that biochar can represent an effective sustainable agricultural practice for mitigating the dispersion of fluopicolide, reducing the risk of environmental contamination, suggesting incentives for its application among farmers as a viable. Future studies are suggested to understand the long-term effect on soil and microbial communities with repeated application of the fungicide.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Forcato_Alessia.pdf
Accesso riservato
Dimensione
5.94 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
5.94 MB | Adobe PDF |
The text of this website © Università degli studi di Padova. Full Text are published under a non-exclusive license. Metadata are under a CC0 License
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/99668