This thesis provides a systematic analysis of carousel fraud, one of the most pervasive and harmful forms of VAT evasion within the European Union. After reconstructing the functioning of the value-added tax system in both Italian and European law, with specific attention to the tax’s prerequisites, the mechanisms of chargeability and deduction, and the main anti-evasion derogations such as the reverse charge and split payment , the work examines the origin and operational structure of carousel fraud, illustrating its various schemes and the central role played by shell companies (società cartiere). The study then explores the criminal consequences imposed by the Italian legal system on the different actors involved (shell companies, brokers, and potential buffer companies), analysing the main tax crimes, the corporate criminal liability regime under Legislative Decree 231/2001, and the aggravating circumstances related to criminal association and transnationality. The final chapter focuses on the shortcomings of the current anti-fraud system as highlighted by Italian and EU case law, particularly regarding the taxpayer’s good faith, the burden of proof, and the joint liability mechanism under Article 60-bis of Presidential Decree 633/1972. The thesis concludes with an examination of the reforms introduced by Directive (EU) 2025/516 (VIDA), which aims to strengthen fraud prevention through VAT digitalisation and the integration of intra-EU transaction monitoring systems.
La tesi analizza in maniera sistematica il fenomeno delle frodi carosello, una delle forme più pervasive e dannose di evasione dell’IVA nell’Unione Europea. Dopo aver ricostruito il funzionamento dell’imposta sul valore aggiunto nel sistema italiano ed europeo, con particolare attenzione ai presupposti applicativi, al meccanismo della rivalsa/detrazione e alle deroghe quali reverse charge e split payment, il lavoro esamina l’origine e la struttura operativa della frode carosello, illustrandone le varianti e il ruolo centrale delle società cartiere. L’indagine prosegue con l’analisi delle conseguenze penali previste dall’ordinamento per i diversi soggetti coinvolti (società cartiere, broker e possibili società buffer), approfondendo i principali reati tributari, la responsabilità da reato degli enti ex d.lgs. 231/2001 e le aggravanti legate all’associazione per delinquere e alla transnazionalità. L’ultimo capitolo è dedicato alle criticità del sistema antifrode emerse nella giurisprudenza nazionale ed europea, con particolare riferimento ai temi della buona fede del contribuente, dell’onere della prova e della responsabilità solidale ex art. 60-bis DPR 633/1972. La tesi si conclude con uno sguardo alle prospettive di riforma introdotte dalla Direttiva (UE) 2025/516 (VIDA), che punta alla digitalizzazione e all’integrazione del sistema IVA per prevenire in modo più efficace le frodi intracomunitarie.
Le "Frodi carosello": caratteristiche e problematiche.
LAZZARIN, SOFIA
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis provides a systematic analysis of carousel fraud, one of the most pervasive and harmful forms of VAT evasion within the European Union. After reconstructing the functioning of the value-added tax system in both Italian and European law, with specific attention to the tax’s prerequisites, the mechanisms of chargeability and deduction, and the main anti-evasion derogations such as the reverse charge and split payment , the work examines the origin and operational structure of carousel fraud, illustrating its various schemes and the central role played by shell companies (società cartiere). The study then explores the criminal consequences imposed by the Italian legal system on the different actors involved (shell companies, brokers, and potential buffer companies), analysing the main tax crimes, the corporate criminal liability regime under Legislative Decree 231/2001, and the aggravating circumstances related to criminal association and transnationality. The final chapter focuses on the shortcomings of the current anti-fraud system as highlighted by Italian and EU case law, particularly regarding the taxpayer’s good faith, the burden of proof, and the joint liability mechanism under Article 60-bis of Presidential Decree 633/1972. The thesis concludes with an examination of the reforms introduced by Directive (EU) 2025/516 (VIDA), which aims to strengthen fraud prevention through VAT digitalisation and the integration of intra-EU transaction monitoring systems.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/99682