Agricultural energy, a meeting point between agriculture, environmental protection and energy production, is at the centre of this work, which analyses, from a public law perspective, whether and in what ways the multi-level regulatory framework allows the sector to develop, while at the same time providing a tool of orientation for those who intend to approach the subject. The first part reconstructs the constitutional evolution of the protection of the environment and of renewable energy sources, paying particular attention to the 2001 reform of Title V and to Constitutional Law No. 1 of 11 February 2022, so as to analyse the role of Articles 9, 41, 117 and 118 of the Constitution, also in the light of the case-law on the matter. The second part is devoted to the role of European law in the development of agricultural energy. The Renewable Energy Directives and the policies that have enabled the development of renewable energy sources are examined in detail. Particular focus is placed on their transposition at national level, on the rules governing State aid and on the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). The third part addresses administrative profiles. The classification of energy production as a connected activity within the meaning of Article 2135 of the Civil Code, the urban-planning compatibility of plants and the authorisation procedures as regulated by Legislative Decree No. 190 of 25 November 2024 constitute the core of the chapter, which then focuses on the procedures required for the construction and modification of biogas, biomass and photovoltaic plants in agricultural areas, as these currently constitute the most relevant types for the sector. The fourth part examines, finally, planning and economic support instruments. In particular, the Integrated National Energy and Climate Plan (PNIEC) and the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (PNRR), the measures for the Agrisolar Park, for agrivoltaics, for biomethane and for renewable energy communities (RECs), as well as the main tax credits supporting investment in the sector, are examined. The conclusions highlight the main critical issues that have emerged in relation to agricultural energy, offering a critical-analytical approach to the possible evolutionary lines of the regulatory framework.
Le agroenergie, punto di incontro tra agricoltura, tutela dell'ambiente e produzione di energia, sono al centro del presente elaborato, il quale analizza in una prospettiva di diritto pubblico se e con che modalità il quadro normativo multilivello consenta uno sviluppo del settore, offrendo al contempo uno strumento di orientamento per chi intenda approcciarsi alla materia. Nella prima parte viene ricostruita l'evoluzione costituzionale della tutela dell'ambiente e delle fonti rinnovabili, ponendo particolare attenzione sulla riforma del Titolo V del 2001 e sulla legge costituzionale 11 febbraio 2022, n. 1, così da analizzare il ruolo degli articoli 9, 41, 117 e 118 della Costituzione, anche alla luce della giurisprudenza in materia. La seconda parte è dedicata al ruolo del diritto europeo nello sviluppo delle agroenergie. Sono analizzate con attenzione le Renewable Energy Directives e le politiche che hanno permesso lo sviluppo delle fonti rinnovabili. Ci si concentra in particolare sul loro recepimento a livello nazionale, sulla disciplina degli aiuti di Stato e della Politica agricola comune (PAC). La terza parte affronta i profili amministrativi. L'inquadramento della produzione di energia come attività connessa ai sensi dell'articolo 2135 del Codice civile, la compatibilità urbanistica degli impianti e i procedimenti autorizzativi come disciplinati dal decreto legislativo 25 novembre 2024, n. 190 costituiscono il cuore del capitolo, che poi concentra l'attenzione sulle procedure necessarie per la costruzione e modifica degli impianti a biogas, a biomassa e fotovoltaici in area agricola, in quanto costituiscono le tipologie attualmente più rilevanti per il settore. La quarta parte esamina, infine, gli strumenti di programmazione e di sostegno economico. In particolare il Piano Nazionale Integrato per l'Energia e il Clima (PNIEC) e il Piano Nazionale di Ripresa e Resilienza (PNRR), le misure per il Parco Agrisolare, per l'agrivoltaico, per il biometano e per le comunità energetiche rinnovabili (CER), nonché i principali crediti d'imposta a supporto degli investimenti nel comparto. Nelle conclusioni vengono evidenziate le principali criticità emerse in relazione alle agroenergie, offrendo un approccio critico-analitico alle possibili linee evolutive del quadro normativo.
Le agroenergie nel diritto pubblico
GUGLIELMI, DAVIDE
2024/2025
Abstract
Agricultural energy, a meeting point between agriculture, environmental protection and energy production, is at the centre of this work, which analyses, from a public law perspective, whether and in what ways the multi-level regulatory framework allows the sector to develop, while at the same time providing a tool of orientation for those who intend to approach the subject. The first part reconstructs the constitutional evolution of the protection of the environment and of renewable energy sources, paying particular attention to the 2001 reform of Title V and to Constitutional Law No. 1 of 11 February 2022, so as to analyse the role of Articles 9, 41, 117 and 118 of the Constitution, also in the light of the case-law on the matter. The second part is devoted to the role of European law in the development of agricultural energy. The Renewable Energy Directives and the policies that have enabled the development of renewable energy sources are examined in detail. Particular focus is placed on their transposition at national level, on the rules governing State aid and on the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). The third part addresses administrative profiles. The classification of energy production as a connected activity within the meaning of Article 2135 of the Civil Code, the urban-planning compatibility of plants and the authorisation procedures as regulated by Legislative Decree No. 190 of 25 November 2024 constitute the core of the chapter, which then focuses on the procedures required for the construction and modification of biogas, biomass and photovoltaic plants in agricultural areas, as these currently constitute the most relevant types for the sector. The fourth part examines, finally, planning and economic support instruments. In particular, the Integrated National Energy and Climate Plan (PNIEC) and the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (PNRR), the measures for the Agrisolar Park, for agrivoltaics, for biomethane and for renewable energy communities (RECs), as well as the main tax credits supporting investment in the sector, are examined. The conclusions highlight the main critical issues that have emerged in relation to agricultural energy, offering a critical-analytical approach to the possible evolutionary lines of the regulatory framework.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/99704