Background: During the terminal stages of life, the human body undergoes progressive deterioration that also affects the skin, making it particularly fragile. In this context, Kennedy Terminal Ulcers (KTU) emerge as peculiar skin lesions that appear shortly before death. They are often confused with common pressure ulcers (LDP), leading to diagnostic uncertainties and possible medico-legal implications. Materials and Methods:A literature review was conducted between April and July 2025 using the PubMed and Scopus databases. Keywords were defined using the PICO method and combined with Boolean operators (OR, AND). Seven studies published between 2015 and 2025 were selected. Irrelevant studies and those conducted on paediatric populations were excluded. Results:Seven studies were selected. The review shows that KTUs differ from LDPs in their sudden onset, rapid progression, characteristic morphology and close correlation with end-of-life. Their origin is linked to the concept of “skin failure” rather than external factors such as pressure or friction. Treatment is palliative, aimed at ensuring patient comfort, unlike the curative approach used for LDPs. Discussion:KTUs are recognised in the literature as a clear sign of the end-of-life process. Understanding and correctly identifying these lesions is essential: not only to avoid diagnostic errors and medical-legal issues, but also to ensure care that respects the dignity and needs of the patient. In this context, nurses play a key role. Their ability to identify KTUs early and manage them appropriately can significantly contribute to improving the patient's quality of life in their final days and to providing truly person-centred care. Conclusion:KTUs are a clinical sign of the end of life and require a specific care approach based on palliative care and respect for the patient's dignity. The distinction between KTUs and LDPs is essential for correct diagnosis and the adoption of appropriate therapeutic strategies. Keywords: “skin failure", “Kennedy’s Terminal Ulcer”, “pressure ulcer”, “pressure injury”, “end of life”
Problema: Durante le fasi terminali della vita, il corpo umano va incontro a un deterioramento progressivo che coinvolge anche la cute, rendendola particolarmente fragile. In questo contesto, le Kennedy Terminal Ulcers (KTU) emergono come lesioni cutanee peculiari che si manifestano poco prima del decesso. Spesso vengono confuse con le comuni lesioni da pressione (LDP), generando incertezze diagnostiche e possibili implicazioni medico-legali. Materiali e metodi: è stata condotta una revisione della letteratura, tra aprile e luglio 2025, utilizzando le banche dati PubMed e Scopus. Le parole chiave sono state definite attraverso il metodo PICO e combinate con operatori booleani (OR, AND). Sono stati selezionati sette studi pubblicati tra il 2015 e il 2025. Sono stati esclusi gli studi non pertinenti, quelli effettuati sulla popolazione pediatrica. Risultati: Sono stati selezionati 7 studi. Dalla revisione emerge che le KTU si distinguono dalle LDP per la loro insorgenza improvvisa, la rapida evoluzione, la morfologia caratteristica e la stretta correlazione con il fine vita. La loro origine è legata al concetto di “skin failure” , e non a fattori esterni come pressione o frizione. Il trattamento è di tipo palliativo, volto a garantire il comfort del paziente, a differenza dell’approccio curativo previsto per le LDP. Discussione:Le KTU sono riconosciute dalla letteratura come un chiaro segnale del processo di fine vita. Comprendere e identificare correttamente queste lesioni è fondamentale: non solo per evitare errori diagnostici e problematiche medico-legali, ma anche per garantire un’assistenza che rispetti la dignità e i bisogni del paziente. In questo contesto, l’infermiere ha un ruolo chiave. La sua capacità di identificare precocemente le KTU e di gestirle in modo adeguato può contribuire in modo significativo a migliorare la qualità di vita del paziente nei suoi ultimi giorni e a offrire un'assistenza realmente centrata sulla persona. Conclusione: Le KTU rappresentano un segno clinico del fine vita e richiedono un approccio assistenziale specifico, basato sulla cura palliativa e sul rispetto della dignità del paziente. La distinzione tra KTU e LDP è essenziale per una corretta diagnosi e per l’adozione di strategie terapeutiche adeguate. Parole chiave: “insufficienza cutanea", “Ulcera Terminale di Kennedy”, “lesione da pressione”, “lesioni da decubito”, “fine vita”
Kennedy Terminal Ulcers: una revisione della letteratura per conoscere eziologia, caratteristiche e trattamento
MARCHIORI, SARA
2024/2025
Abstract
Background: During the terminal stages of life, the human body undergoes progressive deterioration that also affects the skin, making it particularly fragile. In this context, Kennedy Terminal Ulcers (KTU) emerge as peculiar skin lesions that appear shortly before death. They are often confused with common pressure ulcers (LDP), leading to diagnostic uncertainties and possible medico-legal implications. Materials and Methods:A literature review was conducted between April and July 2025 using the PubMed and Scopus databases. Keywords were defined using the PICO method and combined with Boolean operators (OR, AND). Seven studies published between 2015 and 2025 were selected. Irrelevant studies and those conducted on paediatric populations were excluded. Results:Seven studies were selected. The review shows that KTUs differ from LDPs in their sudden onset, rapid progression, characteristic morphology and close correlation with end-of-life. Their origin is linked to the concept of “skin failure” rather than external factors such as pressure or friction. Treatment is palliative, aimed at ensuring patient comfort, unlike the curative approach used for LDPs. Discussion:KTUs are recognised in the literature as a clear sign of the end-of-life process. Understanding and correctly identifying these lesions is essential: not only to avoid diagnostic errors and medical-legal issues, but also to ensure care that respects the dignity and needs of the patient. In this context, nurses play a key role. Their ability to identify KTUs early and manage them appropriately can significantly contribute to improving the patient's quality of life in their final days and to providing truly person-centred care. Conclusion:KTUs are a clinical sign of the end of life and require a specific care approach based on palliative care and respect for the patient's dignity. The distinction between KTUs and LDPs is essential for correct diagnosis and the adoption of appropriate therapeutic strategies. Keywords: “skin failure", “Kennedy’s Terminal Ulcer”, “pressure ulcer”, “pressure injury”, “end of life”| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/99801