This thesis investigates the fatigue strength of full-penetration butt-welded joints made of Lean Duplex Stainless Steel (EN 1.4162), with a specific focus on the efficacy of High-Frequency Mechanical Impact (HFMI) post-weld treatment under both Constant Amplitude (CA) and Variable Amplitude (VA) loading. The experimental campaign involved the fatigue testing of 34 specimens in both As-Welded (AW) and HFMI-treated conditions. Tests were initially conducted at stress ratios = −1 and = 0.1 to establish baseline S-N curves, followed by validation tests using a standard cumulative damage spectrum. The experimental results demonstrated a substantial improvement in fatigue strength due to the HFMI treatment. Notably, the treatment proved so effective that it frequently shifted the crack initiation site from the weld toe to the weld root (Lack of Penetration), allowing the joint to exploit its full structural capacity. To overcome the inherent limitations of the nominal stress approach and to account for the actual local geometry, a comprehensive numerical re-analysis was performed using the Peak Stress Method (PSM). Finite Element (FE) models were constructed based on representative geometric series derived from high-precision profilometry rather than nominal dimensions. For the As-Welded joints, the standard PSM for sharp V-notches was applied directly. Conversely, for the HFMI-treated joints, a hybrid local approach was implemented where the local stress state at the treated groove was analyzed using the Averaged Strain Energy Density (SED) method and subsequently converted into an equivalent peak stress. The study demonstrates that the PSM, when combined with the SED approach for blunt notches and appropriate spectrum shape factors, successfully correlates the experimental data for Lean Duplex steel. The As-Welded results align with the standard PSM design scatter band = 3, while the HFMI-treated results are accurately predicted using a modified design curve = 5 that accounts for the beneficial effect of compressive residual stresses, particularly under reversed loading.
Questa tesi investiga la resistenza a fatica di giunti saldati testa a testa a piena penetrazione realizzati in Acciaio Inossidabile Lean Duplex (EN 1.4162), con un focus specifico sull'efficacia del trattamento post-saldatura High-Frequency Mechanical Impact (HFMI) sotto carico sia ad Ampiezza Costante (CA) che Variabile (VA).La campagna sperimentale ha previsto prove di fatica su 34 provini, sia in condizione As-Welded (AW) che trattati con HFMI. I test sono stati inizialmente condotti con rapporti di ciclo R = -1 e R = 0.1 per stabilire le curve S-N di riferimento, seguiti da test di validazione utilizzando uno spettro di danno cumulativo standard. I risultati sperimentali hanno dimostrato un sostanziale miglioramento della resistenza a fatica dovuto al trattamento HFMI. In particolare, il trattamento si è rivelato così efficace da spostare frequentemente il sito di innesco della cricca dal piede alla radice della saldatura (Mancanza di Penetrazione), permettendo al giunto di sfruttare la sua piena capacità strutturale.Per superare i limiti intrinseci dell'approccio basato sulla tensione nominale e per tenere conto della geometria locale reale, è stata eseguita una rianalisi numerica completa utilizzando il Peak Stress Method (PSM). I modelli agli Elementi Finiti (FE) sono stati costruiti sulla base di serie geometriche rappresentative derivate da profilometria ad alta precisione, piuttosto che da dimensioni nominali. Per i giunti As-Welded, è stato applicato direttamente il PSM standard per intagli a V acuti. Al contrario, per i giunti trattati con HFMI, è stato implementato un approccio locale ibrido in cui lo stato tensionale locale in corrispondenza dell'impronta del trattamento è stato analizzato utilizzando il metodo della Densità di Energia di Deformazione (SED) mediata e successivamente convertito in una tensione di picco equivalente. Lo studio dimostra che il PSM, quando combinato con l'approccio SED per intagli smussati e con appropriati fattori di forma dello spettro, correla con successo i dati sperimentali per l'acciaio Lean Duplex. I risultati As-Welded si allineano con la banda di dispersione di progetto standard del PSM k = 3, mentre i risultati dei trattamenti HFMI sono accuratamente previsti utilizzando una curva di progetto modificata k = 5, che tiene conto dell'effetto benefico delle tensioni residue di compressione, in particolare sotto carico alternato.
Resistenza a fatica di giunti saldati in acciaio trattati HFMI e soggetti a carichi assiali ad ampiezza costante e variabile
POGGI, FRANCESCO
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis investigates the fatigue strength of full-penetration butt-welded joints made of Lean Duplex Stainless Steel (EN 1.4162), with a specific focus on the efficacy of High-Frequency Mechanical Impact (HFMI) post-weld treatment under both Constant Amplitude (CA) and Variable Amplitude (VA) loading. The experimental campaign involved the fatigue testing of 34 specimens in both As-Welded (AW) and HFMI-treated conditions. Tests were initially conducted at stress ratios = −1 and = 0.1 to establish baseline S-N curves, followed by validation tests using a standard cumulative damage spectrum. The experimental results demonstrated a substantial improvement in fatigue strength due to the HFMI treatment. Notably, the treatment proved so effective that it frequently shifted the crack initiation site from the weld toe to the weld root (Lack of Penetration), allowing the joint to exploit its full structural capacity. To overcome the inherent limitations of the nominal stress approach and to account for the actual local geometry, a comprehensive numerical re-analysis was performed using the Peak Stress Method (PSM). Finite Element (FE) models were constructed based on representative geometric series derived from high-precision profilometry rather than nominal dimensions. For the As-Welded joints, the standard PSM for sharp V-notches was applied directly. Conversely, for the HFMI-treated joints, a hybrid local approach was implemented where the local stress state at the treated groove was analyzed using the Averaged Strain Energy Density (SED) method and subsequently converted into an equivalent peak stress. The study demonstrates that the PSM, when combined with the SED approach for blunt notches and appropriate spectrum shape factors, successfully correlates the experimental data for Lean Duplex steel. The As-Welded results align with the standard PSM design scatter band = 3, while the HFMI-treated results are accurately predicted using a modified design curve = 5 that accounts for the beneficial effect of compressive residual stresses, particularly under reversed loading.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/99969