This work aims to investigate the literary form of the essay as an expression of critical and philosophical thought, with reference to the Hungarian philosopher György Lukács (1885-1971) and the German philosopher Theodor W. Adorno (1903-1969). Starting with Lukács’ early works, in particular Soul and Form (1910) and later The Theory of the Novel (1920), it analyses how the form is the space to express the tension between the absolute and the human soul through the concept of Form, or dynamic meaningful structures, that are the expression of the privileged modes of the relationship between human soul and absolute. Next, the analysis focuses on his Marxist phase, with particular attention to History and Class Consciousness (1923), where the concept of totality takes a practical-political twist. Afterwards, the analysis examines Actuality of Philosophy (1931) and Theses on the Language of the Philosopher (1931-1933), Lukács’s perspective will be contrasted with that of Adorno, showing continuity with the young Lukács but the opposition to his Hegelian-Marxist phase. Adorno shows the essay as an open and anti-dogmatic form, allowing the expression of the fragmentariness of life and philosophical critique. The comparison between Lukács and Adorno shows their different approach to the concept of totality: while for the first totality, lost in his essayistic phase, can be recovered from the point of view of a materialistic dialectic, for the second, instead, the essay allows the practice of a critical philosophy of totality and for this reason is no longer bound to the idealist tradition.
Il presente lavoro si propone di indagare la forma letteraria del saggio come espressione peculiare del pensiero critico e filosofico, con riferimento al filosofo ungherese György Lukács (1885-1971) e al filosofo tedesco Theodor W. Adorno (1903-1969). Iniziando dalle opere giovanili di Lukács, in particolar modo L’anima e le forme (1910) e successivamente Teoria del romanzo (1920), si analizza come la forma del saggio sia per lui lo spazio adatto per esprimere la tensione tra assoluto e l’animo umano tramite il concetto di Forme, o strutture dinamiche significanti, che sono espressioni delle differenti modalità privilegiate del rapporto tra l’anima umana e l’assoluto. Segue l’analisi della svolta marxista, con particolare attenzione a Storia e coscienza di classe (1923), dove il concetto di totalità assume una torsione decisiva di carattere pratico-politico. In seguito, prendendo in esame L’attualità della filosofia (1931) e le Tesi sul linguaggio del filosofo (1931-1933) , la prospettiva lukacsiana verrà contrapposta a quella di Adorno, mostrando la continuità con il giovane Lukács ma l’opposizione con quello hegelo-marxista. Adorno mostra come la forma del saggio sia come un qualcosa di aperto e antidogmatico, che permette di esprimere la frammentarietà della vita e la critica filosofica. Il confronto fra i due pensatori mette in luce anche il loro diverso atteggiamento nei confronti del concetto di totalità: se per il primo la totalità, perduta nella fase saggistica, può essere riguadagnata da un punto di vista di una dialettica materialistica, per il secondo, invece, il saggio consente di praticare una filosofia critica della totalità e per questo non più legata alla tradizione dell’idealismo.
Saggismo o Totalità? Lukács e Adorno e il problema filosofico del saggio come forma (1910-1933)
GANZAROLLI, LORENZO
2024/2025
Abstract
This work aims to investigate the literary form of the essay as an expression of critical and philosophical thought, with reference to the Hungarian philosopher György Lukács (1885-1971) and the German philosopher Theodor W. Adorno (1903-1969). Starting with Lukács’ early works, in particular Soul and Form (1910) and later The Theory of the Novel (1920), it analyses how the form is the space to express the tension between the absolute and the human soul through the concept of Form, or dynamic meaningful structures, that are the expression of the privileged modes of the relationship between human soul and absolute. Next, the analysis focuses on his Marxist phase, with particular attention to History and Class Consciousness (1923), where the concept of totality takes a practical-political twist. Afterwards, the analysis examines Actuality of Philosophy (1931) and Theses on the Language of the Philosopher (1931-1933), Lukács’s perspective will be contrasted with that of Adorno, showing continuity with the young Lukács but the opposition to his Hegelian-Marxist phase. Adorno shows the essay as an open and anti-dogmatic form, allowing the expression of the fragmentariness of life and philosophical critique. The comparison between Lukács and Adorno shows their different approach to the concept of totality: while for the first totality, lost in his essayistic phase, can be recovered from the point of view of a materialistic dialectic, for the second, instead, the essay allows the practice of a critical philosophy of totality and for this reason is no longer bound to the idealist tradition.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/100543