This thesis reconstructs Adorno’s critique of Enlightenment starting from the fracture introduced by Kant between the public use of reason and civil order, showing how modern rationality, born as a project of emancipation, can turn into a form of domination. Adorno and Horkheimer interpret the entire Enlightenment project as a dynamic in which liberation from myth culminates in a new mythology of reason, grounded in the technical control of the world. From Bacon to Ulysses as the archetype of the disciplined subject, the path of Enlightenment is understood as the progressive affirmation of instrumental rationality. This trajectory reaches its culmination in the culture industry, which turns culture into a commodity, standardizes experience, reduces critical attention, and shapes adaptive subjectivities, producing a pseudo-formation (Halbbildung) lacking interiorization and autonomous only in appearance. The school system, absorbed by the imperatives of efficiency and measurability, contributes to this process by eroding the meaning of Bildung. In response, Adorno proposes a critical anachronism: keeping the idea of formation alive as negativity, as resistance to the reduction of experience to data and function. Bildung survives only as an exercise in distance, slowness, and questioning, as the protection of spaces not immediately subordinated to utility, and as the capacity to read and dismantle the cultural devices that normalize barbarism. Education, after Auschwitz, is not aimed at redemption but at preventing the recurrence of violence by developing antibodies against authoritarianism and conformism, and by restoring to reason its non-instrumental dimension.
La presente tesi ricostruisce la critica adorniana dell’Illuminismo a partire dalla frattura introdotta da Kant tra uso pubblico della ragione e ordine civile, mostrando come la razionalità moderna, nata come emancipazione, possa rovesciarsi in dominio. Adorno e Horkheimer leggono l’intero progetto illuministico come una dinamica in cui la liberazione dal mito sfocia in una nuova mitologia della ragione, fondata sul controllo tecnico del mondo. Da Bacone a Ulisse come archetipo del soggetto disciplinato, il percorso del rischiaramento viene interpretato come progressiva affermazione della razionalità strumentale. Questa deriva trova il suo compimento nell’industria culturale, che trasforma la cultura in merce, standardizza l’esperienza, riduce l’attenzione critica e modella soggettività adattive, producendo una pseudo-formazione (Halbbildung) incapace di interiorizzazione e autonoma soltanto in apparenza. La scuola, assorbita dagli imperativi dell’efficienza e della misurabilità, partecipa a questo processo, erodendo il senso della Bildung. In risposta, Adorno propone un anacronismo critico: mantenere viva l’idea di formazione come negatività, come resistenza alla riduzione dell’esperienza a dato e funzione. La Bildung sopravvive solo come esercizio di distanza, lentezza e interrogazione, come protezione di spazi non immediatamente utili e come capacità di leggere e disinnescare i dispositivi culturali che normalizzano la barbarie. L’educazione, dopo Auschwitz, non mira alla redenzione ma a impedire il ripetersi della violenza, sviluppando anticorpi contro autoritarismo e conformismo e restituendo alla ragione la sua dimensione non strumentale.
Il concetto di industria culturale e la crisi dell'educazione nella filosofia di T. W. Adorno.
TONELLO, CLAUDIA
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis reconstructs Adorno’s critique of Enlightenment starting from the fracture introduced by Kant between the public use of reason and civil order, showing how modern rationality, born as a project of emancipation, can turn into a form of domination. Adorno and Horkheimer interpret the entire Enlightenment project as a dynamic in which liberation from myth culminates in a new mythology of reason, grounded in the technical control of the world. From Bacon to Ulysses as the archetype of the disciplined subject, the path of Enlightenment is understood as the progressive affirmation of instrumental rationality. This trajectory reaches its culmination in the culture industry, which turns culture into a commodity, standardizes experience, reduces critical attention, and shapes adaptive subjectivities, producing a pseudo-formation (Halbbildung) lacking interiorization and autonomous only in appearance. The school system, absorbed by the imperatives of efficiency and measurability, contributes to this process by eroding the meaning of Bildung. In response, Adorno proposes a critical anachronism: keeping the idea of formation alive as negativity, as resistance to the reduction of experience to data and function. Bildung survives only as an exercise in distance, slowness, and questioning, as the protection of spaces not immediately subordinated to utility, and as the capacity to read and dismantle the cultural devices that normalize barbarism. Education, after Auschwitz, is not aimed at redemption but at preventing the recurrence of violence by developing antibodies against authoritarianism and conformism, and by restoring to reason its non-instrumental dimension.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/100560