Emotion regulation strategies are widely considered incredibly important to children's psychological development (Gullone & Taffe, 2012) as they can significantly influence individuals’ adaptation in places of daily life and psychological functioning, both from an affective and a cognitive and social point of view. The important role of the emotional regulation strategies, which has been highlighted by numerous studies over the last three decades (Cole et al., 1994; Gross, 1998, 2001; Thompson, 1994), has raised the need for valid and reliable tools to measure this construct. The Emotional Regulation Questionnaire ERQ (Gross & John, 2003) and the Emotional Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents ERQ-CA (Gullone & Taffe, 2012) are instruments developed to investigate emotional regulation strategies in adults (ERQ) and in middle childhood and adolescence (ERQ-CA), respectively; further, the second instrument (ERQ-CA) is a revision of the first (ERQ). This thesis will focus specifically on the version for children and adolescents. The adult version (ERQ) investigates the construct in its two dimensions: cognitive reappraisal (CR) and expressive suppression (ES). These two dimensions represent the two emotional regulation strategies operationalised in Gross's model (Gross, 1998), which is, in fact, the model of the questionnaire itself. The two dimensions are assessed through 10 items: 6 investigate cognitive reappraisal (CR) strategies and 4 investigate expressive suppression (ES) strategies. The purpose of children’s and adolescents’ version (ERQ-CA) is the same, it aims to investigate the construct in middle childhood and adolescence, between 10 and 18 years, through a simplification of the wording of the items and a reduction in the length of the response scale from 7 to 5 points. Despite there is no evidence in either the questionnaire validation study or in the studies considered in this review about the psychometric properties of the instrument and the correct formulation of its items, the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (ERQ-CA) (Gullone & Taffe, 2012) is widely used today. For this reason, we decided to investigate what is reported in the existing literature in order to provide a general overview of the psychometric properties of the instrument that can guide a more careful use of the questionnaire in children and adolescents between the ages of 10 and 18.
Le strategie di regolazione delle emozioni sono ampiamente considerate fondamentali per lo sviluppo psicologico dei bambini (Gullone & Taffe, 2012) in quanto in grado di influenzare significativamente l’adattamento all’ambiente e il funzionamento psicologico, sia da un punto di vista affettivo, sia da un punto di vista cognitivo e sociale. Il ruolo rilevante assunto dalle strategie di regolazione emotiva, che è stato messo in evidenza da numerosi studi nel corso degli ultimi tre decenni (Cole et al., 1994; Gross, 1998, 2001; Thompson, 1994), ha sollevato la necessità di disporre di strumenti validi e affidabili che consentissero la rilevazione di tale costrutto. L’Emotional Regulation Questionnaire ERQ (Gross & John, 2003) e l’Emotional Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents ERQ-CA (Gullone & Taffe, 2012) sono strumenti sviluppati proprio allo scopo di indagare le strategie di regolazione emotiva rispettivamente negli adulti (ERQ) e nella media infanzia e adolescenza (ERQ-CA); nel dettaglio, il secondo strumento (ERQ-CA) costituisce una revisione della versione dedicata all’età adulta. Proprio sulla versione per bambini e adolescenti si focalizzerà l’attenzione di questa tesi. Lo strumento, nella versione per adulti, indaga il costrutto nelle sue due dimensioni: ristrutturazione cognitiva (CR, Cognitive Reappraisal) e inibizione dell’espressione emotiva (ES, Expressive Suppression). Queste due dimensioni rappresentano le due strategie di regolazione emotiva operazionalizzate nel modello di Gross (Gross, 1998), che costituisce, difatti, il modello alla base dello sviluppo del questionario. Le due dimensioni sono valutate attraverso 10 item, rispettivamente 6 indagano le strategie di ristrutturazione cognitiva (CR) e 4 le strategie di inibizione dell’espressione emotiva (ES). Anche la versione del questionario per bambini e adolescenti (ERQ-CA) si propone di indagare il medesimo costrutto nella media infanzia e adolescenza, in una fascia d’età compresa tra i 10 e i 18 anni, attraverso una semplificazione della formulazione degli item e una riduzione della lunghezza della scala di risposta da 7 a 5 punti. Nonostante non siano presenti evidenze sia nello studio di validazione del questionario, sia negli studi presenti in letteratura e considerati nella revisione condotta circa le proprietà psicometriche dello strumento e la corretta formulazione dei suoi item, l’Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (ERQ-CA) (Gullone & Taffe, 2012) viene ad oggi ampiamente utilizzato. Per questo motivo si è scelto di indagare quanto riporta la letteratura esistente allo scopo di offrire una panoramica generale delle proprietà psicometriche dello strumento che possa guidare ad un uso più attento del questionario in bambini e adolescenti tra i 10 e i 18 anni.
Proprietà psicometriche dell’Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (ERQ-CA): Una revisione della letteratura
VANONI, VIVIANA
2024/2025
Abstract
Emotion regulation strategies are widely considered incredibly important to children's psychological development (Gullone & Taffe, 2012) as they can significantly influence individuals’ adaptation in places of daily life and psychological functioning, both from an affective and a cognitive and social point of view. The important role of the emotional regulation strategies, which has been highlighted by numerous studies over the last three decades (Cole et al., 1994; Gross, 1998, 2001; Thompson, 1994), has raised the need for valid and reliable tools to measure this construct. The Emotional Regulation Questionnaire ERQ (Gross & John, 2003) and the Emotional Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents ERQ-CA (Gullone & Taffe, 2012) are instruments developed to investigate emotional regulation strategies in adults (ERQ) and in middle childhood and adolescence (ERQ-CA), respectively; further, the second instrument (ERQ-CA) is a revision of the first (ERQ). This thesis will focus specifically on the version for children and adolescents. The adult version (ERQ) investigates the construct in its two dimensions: cognitive reappraisal (CR) and expressive suppression (ES). These two dimensions represent the two emotional regulation strategies operationalised in Gross's model (Gross, 1998), which is, in fact, the model of the questionnaire itself. The two dimensions are assessed through 10 items: 6 investigate cognitive reappraisal (CR) strategies and 4 investigate expressive suppression (ES) strategies. The purpose of children’s and adolescents’ version (ERQ-CA) is the same, it aims to investigate the construct in middle childhood and adolescence, between 10 and 18 years, through a simplification of the wording of the items and a reduction in the length of the response scale from 7 to 5 points. Despite there is no evidence in either the questionnaire validation study or in the studies considered in this review about the psychometric properties of the instrument and the correct formulation of its items, the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (ERQ-CA) (Gullone & Taffe, 2012) is widely used today. For this reason, we decided to investigate what is reported in the existing literature in order to provide a general overview of the psychometric properties of the instrument that can guide a more careful use of the questionnaire in children and adolescents between the ages of 10 and 18.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/101577