In this dissertation, I will go on and expose the different epistemological currents of the philosophy of mind which — in the time of naturalised science — deal with the investigation of phenomenal consciousness. The first chapter will provide an overview of three main perspectives that permeate the epistemological investigation of consciousness: Interactionist Dualism, Epiphenomenalism, and Eliminative Materialism. The second chapter will then focus on two seminal articles in the Philosophy of Mind on the topic of subjective consciousness, attempting to explain Epiphenomenalism through Thomas Nagel and Frank Jackson. The third chapter will serve as a bridge, addressing the ontology of Karl Popper — who sympathises with a view tending towards Interactionist Dualism — and the physicalism of Francis Crick, introducing the topic of the next chapter. The fourth chapter, in fact, will focus on the current of Eliminative Materialism, exposing through Daniel Dennett, and Patricia Churchland, the essential core of neurophilosophy, understood as a trust in neuroscience to solve typically philosophical problems —including consciousness. Finally, the fifth chapter will deal with Colin McGinn's epistemological perspective — supported, partially, by Noam Chomsky as well — of "New" Mysterianism, heir to David Hume's "old" eighteenth-century tradition.
In questo elaborato, andrò ad esporre le diverse correnti epistemologiche della Filosofia della Mente che— nel tempo della scienza naturalizzata— si occupano dell'indagine della coscienza fenomenica. Il primo capitolo offrirà una panoramica di tre principali prospettive che permeano l’indagine epistemologica della coscienza: il Dualismo Interazionista, l’Epifenomenismo, e il Materialismo Eliminativo. Il secondo, poi, si concentrerà su due articoli fondamentali della Filosofia della Mente sul tema della coscienza soggettiva, per tentare di spiegare l’Epifenomenismo tramite Thomas Nagel e Frank Jackson. Il terzo capitolo fungerà da ponte, trattando l’ontologia di Karl Popper— che simpatizza con una visione tendente al Dualismo Interazionista— e del fisicalismo di Francis Crick, per introdurre quello che sarà l’argomento del capitolo successivo. Il quarto capitolo, infatti, sarà incentrato sulla corrente del Materialismo Eliminativo, esponendo, tramite Daniel Dennett e Patricia Churchland, il nucleo essenziale della Neurofilosofia, intesa come fiducia nelle neuroscienze per risolvere enigmi tipicamente filosofici— tra i quali, la coscienza. Infine, il quinto capitolo tratterà della prospettiva epistemologica di Colin McGinn— appoggiata, in parte, anche da Noam Chomsky— del “nuovo” Misterianesimo, erede della “vecchia” tradizione settecentesca di David Hume.
Naturalizzazione della coscienza: analisi del dibattito epistemologico nella filosofia della mente
CIAVATTI, BEATRICE
2024/2025
Abstract
In this dissertation, I will go on and expose the different epistemological currents of the philosophy of mind which — in the time of naturalised science — deal with the investigation of phenomenal consciousness. The first chapter will provide an overview of three main perspectives that permeate the epistemological investigation of consciousness: Interactionist Dualism, Epiphenomenalism, and Eliminative Materialism. The second chapter will then focus on two seminal articles in the Philosophy of Mind on the topic of subjective consciousness, attempting to explain Epiphenomenalism through Thomas Nagel and Frank Jackson. The third chapter will serve as a bridge, addressing the ontology of Karl Popper — who sympathises with a view tending towards Interactionist Dualism — and the physicalism of Francis Crick, introducing the topic of the next chapter. The fourth chapter, in fact, will focus on the current of Eliminative Materialism, exposing through Daniel Dennett, and Patricia Churchland, the essential core of neurophilosophy, understood as a trust in neuroscience to solve typically philosophical problems —including consciousness. Finally, the fifth chapter will deal with Colin McGinn's epistemological perspective — supported, partially, by Noam Chomsky as well — of "New" Mysterianism, heir to David Hume's "old" eighteenth-century tradition.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/101585