The Role of Neuroticism in the Development of Depression in Adolescence

Adolescence is a critical developmental stage marked by profound psychological, biological, and social changes, during which vulnerability to mental health difficulties often increases. Among these, depression represents one of the most prevalent and impairing disorders. A growing body of research suggests that personality traits play a significant role in shaping susceptibility to depressive symptoms, with neuroticism emerging as a particularly influential factor. This thesis provides a literature review examining the role of neuroticism in the development of depression during adolescence. It explores how high levels of neuroticism, characterised by heightened emotional reactivity, frequent negative affect, and difficulties in coping with stress, may predispose adolescents to depressive trajectories. In addition, it considers the interplay between neuroticism and cognitive vulnerabilities such as rumination and self-blame, maladaptive emotional regulation strategies, and heightened stress sensitivity, highlighting how these factors may exacerbate the risk. Findings from empirical studies indicate that neuroticism is not only a predictor of the onset and severity of depressive symptoms but may also influence the persistence and recurrence of depression into adulthood. Understanding this relationship has important implications for early detection and prevention strategies, as targeting neuroticism-related vulnerabilities could help reduce the long-term burden of depression. By synthesising existing evidence, this thesis contributes to a clearer understanding of how personality traits intersect with developmental processes, offering insights for both research and clinical practice.