Edible insects have attracted increasing attention in recent years as a potential answer to global challenges related to food security, environmental sustainability, and protein diversification. Their high nutritional value, potentially reduced ecological footprint, and technological versatility make them a resource of growing interest for scientific research and the food industry. The expansion of this sector has necessitated the definition and harmonization of the regulatory framework, which must simultaneously protect consumer safety and support the development of new products and innovative supply chains. The objective of this thesis is to systematically and comparatively analyze the legislation governing edible insects, examining their evolution at the global, European, and national levels, along with the technological and applicative aspects that characterize their use in the food sector. The first part of the paper provides an overview of the regulations adopted by major non-European countries, highlighting how cultural, economic, and health factors profoundly influence regulatory decisions. The paper then delves into the European context, explaining Regulation (EU) No. 2283/2015 on Novel Foods and the role played by EFSA in the food safety assessments required for the authorization phase of insect species intended for human consumption. It then examines the transposition and implementation of European legislation on edible insects in Italy, as well as ministerial provisions, the requirements for sector operators, and the critical issues related to consumer acceptability. Finally, the main technological processes related to the breeding, processing, and use of edible insects in the food industry are described, highlighting their advantages, limitations, and potential applications. In conclusion, the thesis highlights that the edible insect sector presents significant opportunities in terms of sustainability, innovation, and diversification of protein supply chains. However, it requires further regulatory consolidation, greater standardization of production processes, and effective strategies to improve consumer acceptance. The future prospects of the sector analyzed will depend on the ability to integrate scientific evidence, technological developments, and regulatory adjustments, thus contributing to the definition of a more resilient and efficient food system.
Gli insetti edibili hanno acquisito, negli ultimi anni, una crescente attenzione in quanto visti come una possibile e potenziale risposta alle sfide globali legate alla sicurezza alimentare, alla sostenibilità ambientale e alla diversificazione delle fonti proteiche. Il loro elevato valore nutrizionale, la - potenzialmente - ridotta impronta ecologica e la loro versatilità tecnologica li rendono una risorsa d’interesse crescente per la ricerca scientifica e per l’industria alimentare. L’espansione di questo settore ha reso necessario definire ed armonizzare il quadro normativo, il quale dev’essere in grado di tutelare la sicurezza dei consumatori e di supportare, al tempo stesso, lo sviluppo di nuovi prodotti e di filiere innovative. L’obiettivo della presente tesi è quello di analizzare, in modo sistematico e comparato, la normativa che disciplina gli insetti edibili, esaminandone l’evoluzione a livello globale, europeo e nazionale, insieme agli aspetti tecnologico-applicativi che ne caratterizzano l’utilizzo in ambito alimentare. La prima parte del lavoro offre una panoramica sulle normative adottate dai principali Paesi extraeuropei, mettendo in evidenza come fattori culturali, economici e sanitari influenzino profondamente le scelte regolatorie stesse. Successivamente, l’elaborato approfondisce il contesto comunitario, esponendo il Regolamento (UE) n. 2283/2015 relativo ai Novel Food e il ruolo svolto dall’EFSA relativamente alle valutazioni, in tema di sicurezza alimentare, necessarie per la fase di autorizzazione delle specie di insetti destinate al consumo umano. Si esamina in seguito il recepimento e l’attuazione della normativa europea relativa agli insetti commestibili in Italia, nonché le disposizioni ministeriali, gli adempimenti richiesti agli operatori del settore e le criticità connesse all’eventuale accettabilità da parte del consumatore. Si descrivono infine i principali processi tecnologici legati all’allevamento, alla trasformazione e all’utilizzo degli insetti edibili nell’industria alimentare, evidenziandone vantaggi, limiti ed applicazioni potenziali. Nelle conclusioni, la tesi mette in luce il fatto che il settore degli insetti commestibili presenti importanti opportunità in termini di sostenibilità, di innovazione e di diversificazione delle filiere proteiche, necessitando tuttavia di un ulteriore consolidamento normativo, di una maggiore standardizzazione dei processi produttivi e di strategie efficaci per migliorare l’accettabilità da parte del consumatore. Le prospettive future del comparto analizzato dipenderanno dalla capacità di integrare le evidenze scientifiche, gli sviluppi tecnologici e gli adeguamenti regolatori, in modo da contribuire alla definizione di un sistema alimentare più resiliente ed efficiente.
Insetti edibili: quadro normativo internazionale, tecnologia produttiva e possibili applicazioni
BATTILANA, CAMILLA
2024/2025
Abstract
Edible insects have attracted increasing attention in recent years as a potential answer to global challenges related to food security, environmental sustainability, and protein diversification. Their high nutritional value, potentially reduced ecological footprint, and technological versatility make them a resource of growing interest for scientific research and the food industry. The expansion of this sector has necessitated the definition and harmonization of the regulatory framework, which must simultaneously protect consumer safety and support the development of new products and innovative supply chains. The objective of this thesis is to systematically and comparatively analyze the legislation governing edible insects, examining their evolution at the global, European, and national levels, along with the technological and applicative aspects that characterize their use in the food sector. The first part of the paper provides an overview of the regulations adopted by major non-European countries, highlighting how cultural, economic, and health factors profoundly influence regulatory decisions. The paper then delves into the European context, explaining Regulation (EU) No. 2283/2015 on Novel Foods and the role played by EFSA in the food safety assessments required for the authorization phase of insect species intended for human consumption. It then examines the transposition and implementation of European legislation on edible insects in Italy, as well as ministerial provisions, the requirements for sector operators, and the critical issues related to consumer acceptability. Finally, the main technological processes related to the breeding, processing, and use of edible insects in the food industry are described, highlighting their advantages, limitations, and potential applications. In conclusion, the thesis highlights that the edible insect sector presents significant opportunities in terms of sustainability, innovation, and diversification of protein supply chains. However, it requires further regulatory consolidation, greater standardization of production processes, and effective strategies to improve consumer acceptance. The future prospects of the sector analyzed will depend on the ability to integrate scientific evidence, technological developments, and regulatory adjustments, thus contributing to the definition of a more resilient and efficient food system.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/101609