The industrial by-products of Saccharomyces cerevisiae represent a rich, albeit underexploited, source of bioactive peptides. This study investigated the feasibility of a nanobiotechnological approach for the valorisation of such matrices, employing superparamagnetic maghemite nanoparticles (Surface Active Maghemite Nanoparticles, SAMNs) for the selective extraction of peptides. Yeast extracts, pre-treated by solid-phase extraction (SPE C18), were incubated with SAMNs (0.5 g/L). After magnetic separation, the bound peptides were eluted and analysed quantitatively by spectrophotometric analyses and qualitatively by HPLC coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Quantitative analyses confirmed the effective recovery of peptide material captured by the nanoparticles, with concentrations of about 110–150 mg/L in the eluates. HPLC-MS/MS analysis highlighted a remarkable selectivity of the SAMNs, which captured only a restricted subset of peptide sequences compared to the controls. It is hypothesized that such selectivity is driven by the chemical nature of the peptide structures. Indeed, a drastic enrichment of peptides containing acidic residues (aspartic acid and glutamic acid, Asp/Glu) was observed, with an average percentage content of 37.6% in the eluates, versus 16.9% found in the controls. This supports a binding mechanism based on the specific interaction between the carboxyl groups of the amino acids and the Fe(III) sites present on the surface of the SAMNs. These peptides with acidic clusters, in addition, could be indicative of potential anionic antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, the capture of some peptide motifs with already known biological activity was confirmed. In particular, a peptide sequence inhibiting the angiotensin-converting enzyme (sequence: PANLPWGSSNV) and a sequence with sensory activity (responsible for umami taste) were found. In conclusion, SAMNs proved to be a rapid and selective nanotechnological platform for the purification of specific classes of peptides from complex yeast matrices, offering a promising strategy for the targeted recovery of high value-added molecules from industrial by-products.
I sottoprodotti industriali di Saccharomyces cerevisiae rappresentano una fonte ricca, seppur poco valorizzata, di peptidi bioattivi. Questo studio ha investigato la fattibilità di un approccio nanobiotecnologico per la valorizzazione di tali matrici, impiegando nanoparticelle superparamagnetiche di maghemite (Surface Active Maghemite Nanoparticles, SAMNs) per l'estrazione selettiva di peptidi. A tal fine, degli estratti di lievito pretrattati mediante estrazione in fase solida (SPE C18) sono stati incubati con SAMNs (0.5 g/L). Dopo la separazione magnetica, i peptidi legati sono stati eluiti e analizzati quantitativamente tramite analisi spettrofotometriche e qualitativamente in HPLC accoppiata a spettrometria di massa in modalità tandem (MS/MS). Le analisi quantitative hanno confermato l'efficace recupero di materiale peptidico catturato dalle nanoparticelle, con concentrazioni di circa 110-150 mg/L negli eluiti. L'analisi HPLC-MS/MS ha evidenziato una notevole selettività delle SAMNs, le quali hanno catturato solo un ristretto sottoinsieme di sequenze peptidiche rispetto ai controlli. Si ipotizza che tale selettività sia guidata dalla natura chimica delle strutture peptidiche. Infatti, si è osservato un drastico arricchimento di peptidi contenenti residui acidi (acido aspartico e acido glutammico, Asp/Glu) con un contenuto percentuale medio del 37,6% negli eluiti, contro il 16,9% trovato nei controlli. Questo supporta un meccanismo di legame basato sull'interazione specifica tra i gruppi carbossilici degli amminoacidi e i siti Fe(III) presenti sulla superficie delle SAMNs. Questi peptidi con cluster acidi, in aggiunta, potrebbero essere indicativi di potenziale attività antimicrobica anionica. Inoltre, è stata confermata la cattura di alcuni motivi peptidici con attività biologica già nota. Nel particolare, è stata trovata una sequenza peptidica inibitrice dell’enzima di conversione dell’angiotensina (sequenza: PANLPWGSSNV) e una sequenza con attività sensoriale (responsabile del gusto umami). In conclusione, le SAMNs si sono dimostrate una piattaforma nanotecnologica rapida e selettiva per la purificazione di specifiche classi di peptidi da matrici complesse di lievito, offrendo una strategia promettente per il recupero mirato di molecole ad alto valore aggiunto da sottoprodotti industriali.
Isolamento di sequenze peptidiche bioattive da estratti di Saccharomyces cerevisiae mediante nanoparticelle di maghemite
CONVENTO, ENRICO
2024/2025
Abstract
The industrial by-products of Saccharomyces cerevisiae represent a rich, albeit underexploited, source of bioactive peptides. This study investigated the feasibility of a nanobiotechnological approach for the valorisation of such matrices, employing superparamagnetic maghemite nanoparticles (Surface Active Maghemite Nanoparticles, SAMNs) for the selective extraction of peptides. Yeast extracts, pre-treated by solid-phase extraction (SPE C18), were incubated with SAMNs (0.5 g/L). After magnetic separation, the bound peptides were eluted and analysed quantitatively by spectrophotometric analyses and qualitatively by HPLC coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Quantitative analyses confirmed the effective recovery of peptide material captured by the nanoparticles, with concentrations of about 110–150 mg/L in the eluates. HPLC-MS/MS analysis highlighted a remarkable selectivity of the SAMNs, which captured only a restricted subset of peptide sequences compared to the controls. It is hypothesized that such selectivity is driven by the chemical nature of the peptide structures. Indeed, a drastic enrichment of peptides containing acidic residues (aspartic acid and glutamic acid, Asp/Glu) was observed, with an average percentage content of 37.6% in the eluates, versus 16.9% found in the controls. This supports a binding mechanism based on the specific interaction between the carboxyl groups of the amino acids and the Fe(III) sites present on the surface of the SAMNs. These peptides with acidic clusters, in addition, could be indicative of potential anionic antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, the capture of some peptide motifs with already known biological activity was confirmed. In particular, a peptide sequence inhibiting the angiotensin-converting enzyme (sequence: PANLPWGSSNV) and a sequence with sensory activity (responsible for umami taste) were found. In conclusion, SAMNs proved to be a rapid and selective nanotechnological platform for the purification of specific classes of peptides from complex yeast matrices, offering a promising strategy for the targeted recovery of high value-added molecules from industrial by-products.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/101622