The thesis discuss the testing of products of natural origin for the summer Cucumis sativus’s defence against Botrytis cinerea, in a greenhouse at the Experimental Orto-floricultural Center "Po di Tramontana". Two preparations with a commercial product were evaluated, with the aim of analyzing a classic defense strategy with two new possible alternatives. The inducer of systemic resistance Romeo® was used as a control in the test, while the two preparations tested are based on inactive micro-organisms: Saccharomyces cerevisiae grown in an exhausted substrate of Salvia officinalis produced in bioreactors and the lysates of the bacterium Cupriavidus necator, also an industrial waste for the production of PHB. After two days from the treatment, it was measured the stomatal conductance of the youngest leaves, which were then sampled for the Botrytis cinerea inoculum. The aim is to evaluate the plant’s transpiration, its adaptation to local condition, and to measure the lesions formed after five days, to compare the effect of different treatment on the development of the fungus. The cucumber production data of the treated plants, with the same untreated cultivar, was also analysed. From the statistical processing of the stomatal conductance data, it was found that there is a significant difference between the values measured in the three treatments under test, in particular the plants treated with the C. necator preparation show higher stomatal conductance values. Regarding the processing of data on the size of B. cinerea lesions on cucumber leaves, in the four tests carried out, a significant difference was highlighted between the three treatments only in one test. The data on the actual production and the product waste of cucumber plants are not significantly different between the three treatments and the control. To delve deeper into the components that reduce the development of B. cinerea in the preparation based on Cupriavidus necator lysates, it was decided to carry out further tests, in vitro. It was decided to enrich the B. cinerea growth substrate (PDA) with the lysate preparation as used in the test on cucumber plants, and with pure PHB. PHB is a biopolymer produced by Cupriavidus necator, which partly constitutes the preparation under test. What emerged from the processing of data on the development of mycelium is a significant difference between the size of the spots in the three thesis, specifically it highlights a clear decrease in the development of botrytis in the plates enriched with the C. necator-based preparation. In the test, the appearance of bacterial contamination was observed, which was associated with Cupriavidus necator through genome analysis. These colonies disturbed the growth of the mycelium, so this aspect was deepened with in vitro comparisons between Cupriavidus necator and Botrytis cinerea, to highlight any antagonistic activity of the bacterium. What has been observed is an evident action by C. necator to limit the growth of the fungus. It was also decided to repeat the comparison test, however using bacterial colonies placed in an autoclave, with the aim of verifying whether it was the vital bacterium that was blocking the growth of the fungus. From the test it was clear that it is C. necator in the active phase that prevents the growth of Botrytis cinerea.
La tesi tratta la sperimentazione di prodotti di origine naturale per la difesa contro la Botrytis cinerea della coltura di Cucumis sativus estivo, in una serra del Centro Sperimentale Ortofloricolo “Po di Tramontana”. Sono stati valutati due preparati con un prodotto commerciale, allo scopo di analizzare una strategia di difesa classica con due nuove possibili alternative. L’induttore di resistenza Romeo® è stato utilizzato come controllo nella prova, mentre i due preparati testati sono a base di microrganismi inattivi: Saccharomyces cerevisiae cresciuto in un substrato esausto di Salvia officinalis prodotta in bioreattori ed un lisato del batterio Cupriavidus necator, anch’esso uno scarto industriale. Al secondo giorno dai trattamenti è stata misurata la conduttanza stomatica delle foglie più giovani, che sono state successivamente campionate per eseguire l’inoculo di Botrytis cinerea. Lo scopo è stato quello di valutare la traspirazione delle piante ed il loro grado di adattamento, e misurare le lesioni formate dopo cinque giorni, permettendo di paragonare l’effetto dei diversi trattamenti sullo sviluppo del fungo. È stato inoltre confrontato il dato sulla produzione di cetrioli delle piante trattate, con la stessa cultivar non trattata. Dall’elaborazione statistica dei dati sulla conduttanza stomatica è risultato che esiste differenza significativa fra i valori misurati nei tre trattamenti in prova, in particolare le piante trattate con il preparato a base di C. necator mostrano valori di conduttanza stomatica più elevata. Riguardo invece le lesioni da botrite su foglie di cetriolo, nelle quattro prove effettuate solo in una è stata evidenziata una differenza significativa tra i tre trattamenti; in quel caso il preparato di C. necator corrispondeva ad una riduzione delle lesioni. I dati sulla produzione effettiva e lo scarto di prodotto delle piante di cetriolo non risultano significativamente differenti tra i tre trattamenti. Per approfondire quale potesse essere il componente che riduce lo sviluppo di botrite nel preparato a base di lisati di Cupriavidus necator, è stato deciso di effettuare ulteriori prove, in vitro. Il substrato di crescita di B. cinerea (PDA) è stato arricchito con il preparato di lisati tale quale a come è stato utilizzato nella prova su piante di cetriolo, e con PHB puro. Il PHB è un biopolimero prodotto da Cupriavidus necator, che in parte costituisce il preparato in prova. Ciò che è emerso dall’elaborazione dei dati sullo sviluppo di micelio è una differenza significativa tra le dimensioni delle macchie nei tre trattamenti, nello specifico evidenzia una netta diminuzione dello sviluppo di botrite nelle piastre arricchite con il preparato a base di C. necator. Nella prova è stata osservata la comparsa di contaminazioni batteriche, le quali associate a Cupriavidus necator tramite analisi del genoma. Queste colonie disturbavano la crescita del micelio, così questo aspetto è stato approfondito con dei confronti in vitro tra Cupriavidus necator e Botrytis cinerea, per evidenziare eventuali effetti antagonistici del batterio. Ciò che è stato osservato è un’evidente azione di limitazione della crescita del fungo da parte di C. necator. È stato inoltre deciso di ripetere la prova di confronto, utilizzando però colonie batteriche poste in autoclave, con lo scopo di verificare se fosse il batterio vitale a bloccare la crescita del fungo. Dalla prova si è evinto che è C. necator nella fase attiva ad impedire la crescita di B. cinerea.
Valutazione dell'antagonismo di Cupriavidus necator e sperimentazione di sottoprodotti del settore agroindustriale per il controllo di Botrytis cinerea in vitro e su piante di cetriolo
SPOLAOR, EMMA
2024/2025
Abstract
The thesis discuss the testing of products of natural origin for the summer Cucumis sativus’s defence against Botrytis cinerea, in a greenhouse at the Experimental Orto-floricultural Center "Po di Tramontana". Two preparations with a commercial product were evaluated, with the aim of analyzing a classic defense strategy with two new possible alternatives. The inducer of systemic resistance Romeo® was used as a control in the test, while the two preparations tested are based on inactive micro-organisms: Saccharomyces cerevisiae grown in an exhausted substrate of Salvia officinalis produced in bioreactors and the lysates of the bacterium Cupriavidus necator, also an industrial waste for the production of PHB. After two days from the treatment, it was measured the stomatal conductance of the youngest leaves, which were then sampled for the Botrytis cinerea inoculum. The aim is to evaluate the plant’s transpiration, its adaptation to local condition, and to measure the lesions formed after five days, to compare the effect of different treatment on the development of the fungus. The cucumber production data of the treated plants, with the same untreated cultivar, was also analysed. From the statistical processing of the stomatal conductance data, it was found that there is a significant difference between the values measured in the three treatments under test, in particular the plants treated with the C. necator preparation show higher stomatal conductance values. Regarding the processing of data on the size of B. cinerea lesions on cucumber leaves, in the four tests carried out, a significant difference was highlighted between the three treatments only in one test. The data on the actual production and the product waste of cucumber plants are not significantly different between the three treatments and the control. To delve deeper into the components that reduce the development of B. cinerea in the preparation based on Cupriavidus necator lysates, it was decided to carry out further tests, in vitro. It was decided to enrich the B. cinerea growth substrate (PDA) with the lysate preparation as used in the test on cucumber plants, and with pure PHB. PHB is a biopolymer produced by Cupriavidus necator, which partly constitutes the preparation under test. What emerged from the processing of data on the development of mycelium is a significant difference between the size of the spots in the three thesis, specifically it highlights a clear decrease in the development of botrytis in the plates enriched with the C. necator-based preparation. In the test, the appearance of bacterial contamination was observed, which was associated with Cupriavidus necator through genome analysis. These colonies disturbed the growth of the mycelium, so this aspect was deepened with in vitro comparisons between Cupriavidus necator and Botrytis cinerea, to highlight any antagonistic activity of the bacterium. What has been observed is an evident action by C. necator to limit the growth of the fungus. It was also decided to repeat the comparison test, however using bacterial colonies placed in an autoclave, with the aim of verifying whether it was the vital bacterium that was blocking the growth of the fungus. From the test it was clear that it is C. necator in the active phase that prevents the growth of Botrytis cinerea.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/101641