This thesis aims to analyze the central role of feeding in aquaculture, highlighting how nutrition represents the primary tool to ensure both the environmental sustainability of the sector and the high quality of the product intended for human consumption. Through a bibliographic review, the nutritional requirements (macro and micronutrients) and the principles of bioenergetics that determine the high feed conversion efficiency in fish are initially defined. The analysis continues with an in-depth examination of the anatomy and physiology of the digestive system, illustrating how the metabolic specificities of different species influence dietary formulation strategies. The evolution of aquafeeds is then examined, moving from a historical dependence on fish meal and fish oil towards the use of alternative and functional ingredients, which are necessary to reduce ecological impact. Finally, the work explores the direct relationship between diet and final product quality, comparing the nutritional profile and organoleptic characteristics of farmed fish with those of wild fish, and subsequently comparing them with terrestrial animal meat. The conclusions highlight how targeted nutritional management is fundamental to guaranteeing benefits for human health, while simultaneously minimizing risks related to contaminants and ensuring food safety.
Il presente elaborato intende analizzare il ruolo centrale dell’alimentazione in acquacoltura, evidenziando come la nutrizione rappresenti lo strumento primario per garantire sia la sostenibilità ambientale del settore, sia l’alta qualità del prodotto destinato al consumo umano. Attraverso una revisione bibliografica, vengono inizialmente definiti i fabbisogni nutrizionali (macro e micronutrienti) e i principi di bioenergetica che determinano l’elevata efficienza della conversione alimentare nei pesci. L’analisi prosegue con un approfondimento sull’anatomia e sulla fisiologia dell’apparato digerente, illustrando come le specificità metaboliche delle diverse specie influenzino le strategie di formulazione dietetica. Si esamina quindi l’evoluzione della mangimistica, dalla dipendenza storica dalla farina e dall’olio di pesce, verso l’utilizzo di ingredienti alternativi e funzionali, necessari per ridurre l’impatto ecologico. Infine, l’elaborato esplora la relazione diretta tra la dieta e la qualità del prodotto finale, confrontando il profilo nutrizionale e le caratteristiche organolettiche del pesce allevato, rispetto a quello selvatico, e successivamente ponendolo in relazione con le carni di animali terrestri. Le conclusioni mettono in luce come una gestione nutrizionale mirata sia fondamentale per garantire benefici per la salute umana, minimizzando al contempo i rischi legati ai contaminanti e assicurando la sicurezza alimentare.
Alimentazione dei pesci in acquacoltura e relazione con la qualità dei prodotti
BORTOLOTTO, GIULIA
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis aims to analyze the central role of feeding in aquaculture, highlighting how nutrition represents the primary tool to ensure both the environmental sustainability of the sector and the high quality of the product intended for human consumption. Through a bibliographic review, the nutritional requirements (macro and micronutrients) and the principles of bioenergetics that determine the high feed conversion efficiency in fish are initially defined. The analysis continues with an in-depth examination of the anatomy and physiology of the digestive system, illustrating how the metabolic specificities of different species influence dietary formulation strategies. The evolution of aquafeeds is then examined, moving from a historical dependence on fish meal and fish oil towards the use of alternative and functional ingredients, which are necessary to reduce ecological impact. Finally, the work explores the direct relationship between diet and final product quality, comparing the nutritional profile and organoleptic characteristics of farmed fish with those of wild fish, and subsequently comparing them with terrestrial animal meat. The conclusions highlight how targeted nutritional management is fundamental to guaranteeing benefits for human health, while simultaneously minimizing risks related to contaminants and ensuring food safety.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/101786