The term "Swimmer's shoulder", coined in 1974 by Kennedy and Hawkins, is used to describe shoulder pain in swimmers. This study aims to investigate, through the administration of an anonymous questionnaire, the percentage of competitive and non-competitive swimmers who report shoulder pain. A further objective is to identify any predisposing factors associated with this condition and, based on the collected data and a targeted literature review, to develop an exercise program aimed at preventing and reducing its incidence. The first part of the study, conducted through an in-depth literature review, focused on the analysis of swimming biomechanics and the most common pathologies observed in swimmers. Subsequently, based on the data obtained and the scientific literature, a preventive exercise program was developed to help reduce the onset of this issue. The questionnaire results indicate that shoulder pain is a common condition among swimmers. However, the variables analyzed — including the number of weekly training sessions, years of competitive swimming experience, level of practice (competitive or non-competitive), preferred stroke and participation in gym workouts — did not show sufficient statistical significance to identify a clear predisposing factor. The proposed preventive program is based on findings from both the scientific literature and the collected data, emphasizing the importance of specific exercises to rebalance the involved muscle groups, particularly between the internal and external rotators of the shoulder and between scapular stabilizers and the anterior muscles of the shoulder girdle. Particular attention is also given to stretching the posterior capsule, which is often overlooked. All of this aims to reduce painful shoulder symptoms in swimmers and prevent potential injuries.
Il termine "Swimmer's shoulder", coniato nel 1974 da Kennedy e Hawkins, viene utilizzato per descrivere il dolore alla spalla nei nuotatori. Il presente studio si propone di indagare, attraverso la somministrazione di un questionario anonimo, la percentuale di nuotatori agonisti e non agonisti che riportano dolore alla spalla. Un ulteriore obiettivo è individuare eventuali fattori predisponenti associati a tale condizione e, sulla base dei dati raccolti e di una ricerca bibliografica mirata, sviluppare un programma di esercizi finalizzato alla prevenzione e alla riduzione della sua incidenza. La prima parte del lavoro, condotta attraverso un’approfondita ricerca bibliografica, è stata dedicata all’analisi della biomeccanica del nuoto e delle principali patologie riscontrabili nei nuotatori. Successivamente, grazie alle informazioni ottenute dallo studio e al confronto con la letteratura scientifica, è stato elaborato un programma di esercizi preventivi mirato a ridurre l’insorgenza di tale problematica. I risultati del questionario indicano che il dolore alla spalla è una condizione diffusa tra i nuotatori. Tuttavia, le variabili analizzate — tra cui il numero di allenamenti settimanali, gli anni di attività agonistica, il livello di pratica (agonistico o amatoriale), lo stile preferito e l’eventuale allenamento in palestra — non hanno mostrato una significatività statistica tale da individuare un chiaro fattore predisponente. Il programma preventivo proposto si basa sulle evidenze emerse sia dalla letteratura scientifica sia dai dati raccolti, sottolineando l’importanza di esercizi specifici per il riequilibrio dei gruppi muscolari coinvolti, in particolare tra rotatori interni ed esterni della spalla e tra stabilizzatori scapolari e muscolatura anteriore del cingolo scapolo-omerale. Particolare attenzione è rivolta anche all’allungamento della capsula posteriore, spesso trascurato. Tutto ciò al fine di ridurre i sintomi dolorosi a carico delle spalle dei nuotatori e prevenire eventuali infortuni.
Swimmer's Shoulder: studio di coorte sul dolore di spalla nei nuotatori e sviluppo di un programma preventivo
BALLOTTA, IRENE
2024/2025
Abstract
The term "Swimmer's shoulder", coined in 1974 by Kennedy and Hawkins, is used to describe shoulder pain in swimmers. This study aims to investigate, through the administration of an anonymous questionnaire, the percentage of competitive and non-competitive swimmers who report shoulder pain. A further objective is to identify any predisposing factors associated with this condition and, based on the collected data and a targeted literature review, to develop an exercise program aimed at preventing and reducing its incidence. The first part of the study, conducted through an in-depth literature review, focused on the analysis of swimming biomechanics and the most common pathologies observed in swimmers. Subsequently, based on the data obtained and the scientific literature, a preventive exercise program was developed to help reduce the onset of this issue. The questionnaire results indicate that shoulder pain is a common condition among swimmers. However, the variables analyzed — including the number of weekly training sessions, years of competitive swimming experience, level of practice (competitive or non-competitive), preferred stroke and participation in gym workouts — did not show sufficient statistical significance to identify a clear predisposing factor. The proposed preventive program is based on findings from both the scientific literature and the collected data, emphasizing the importance of specific exercises to rebalance the involved muscle groups, particularly between the internal and external rotators of the shoulder and between scapular stabilizers and the anterior muscles of the shoulder girdle. Particular attention is also given to stretching the posterior capsule, which is often overlooked. All of this aims to reduce painful shoulder symptoms in swimmers and prevent potential injuries.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Ballotta Irene -Tesi di laurea a.a. 2024-2025.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/102490