In adolescence, 2–20% of students experience daytime lower urinary tract dysfunctions, most of which are due to poor habits and modifiable risk factors. The literature shows that adolescents have limited and fragmented knowledge regarding basic pelvic floor physiology, unhealthy behaviors to avoid, and early symptoms to recognize as warning signs. Based on these considerations, and on the limited large-scale use of standard urotherapy in Italy, the project “La Pelvi va a scuola” was developed by Dr. Sergio Pianegonda in collaboration with the First-Level Master in Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation at the University of Rome Tor Vergata. It consists of an educational booklet aimed at high school students, offering a multithemed and physiotherapy-based overview of the pelvic floor. Objectives: to develop a questionnaire assessing pelvic health literacy among adolescents, comparing students from healthcare and non-healthcare programs; to investigate, through a second questionnaire, the presence of symptoms related to pelvic floor dysfunctions; to carry out an educational session in selected classes using the booklet; and to evaluate the intervention’s effectiveness by re-administering the first questionnaire after one month. Materials and Methods: question selection and formulation were based on a literature review and on a structured evaluation conducted with physiotherapists specialized in pelvic floor rehabilitation. Both questionnaires were created using Google Forms and administered during in-class lessons to 68 students. Data were then exported and analyzed to compare pre- and post-intervention results between the two school groups. Results: students from the healthcare program achieved an initial average of 66.7% correct answers, compared to 57.2% in the electronics group. The major differences concerned questions on female physiology and intimate hygiene. The questionnaire on pelvic dysfunctions showed a relevant symptom incidence ranging from 4.5% to 44.8%. After one month, healthcare students showed a 12.1% improvement in correct answers on pelvic knowledge, with statistically significant changes (Fisher’s exact test). Conversely, the electronics group showed an overall decrease of 8.5%. Conclusions: the results confirm that pelvic floor disorders are already present during adolescence and that basic knowledge on the topic is generally lacking, especially among students with no prior information. The questionnaires used in this study proved to be effective tools for assessing and monitoring both adolescents’ knowledge and the prevalence of main LUTS. The use of these questionnaires together with the booklet “La pelvi va a scuola”, incorporating the modifications suggested by this study, appears to be a valuable approach to raising awareness and contributing to the prevention of lower urinary tract symptoms from an early age. This educational strategy also highlights the central role of the physiotherapist in health promotion and primary prevention, areas where the dissemination of accurate information and early identification of risk factors can significantly reduce the long-term incidence of pelvic floor dysfunctions.
In età adolescenziale dal 2 al 20% dei ragazzi soffre di disfunzioni diurne del basso tratto urinario, spesso legate a cattive abitudini e fattori di rischio modificabili. Dalla letteratura emerge inoltre una conoscenza carente riguardo alla fisiologia del pavimento pelvico, ai comportamenti da evitare e ai principali sintomi da riconoscere come campanelli d’allarme. Da queste considerazioni e dal mancato utilizzo su larga scala dell’uroterapia standard in Italia nasce il progetto del Dott. Sergio Pianegonda: “La Pelvi va a scuola”, sviluppato in collaborazione con il Master di I livello in Riabilitazione del Pavimento Pelvico dell’Università di Roma-Tor Vergata. Si tratta di un opuscolo educativo rivolto agli studenti delle scuole secondarie di secondo grado, con l’obiettivo di fornire una visione multitematica ma in un’ottica fisioterapica del pavimento pelvico. Obiettivi: lo studio mira a creare un questionario per misurare il livello di alfabetizzazione pelvica negli adolescenti, confrontando studenti di indirizzi sanitari e non sanitari; indagare, tramite un secondo questionario, la presenza di sintomi riferibili a disfunzioni pelviche; svolgere un incontro educativo con presentazione dell’opuscolo e, infine, valutare l’efficacia dell’intervento somministrando il questionario iniziale ad un mese di distanza. Materiali e metodi: le domande sono state elaborate attraverso una revisione della letteratura e un processo di selezione condotto con fisioterapisti esperti in riabilitazione del pavimento pelvico. I questionari sono stati creati con Google Moduli e somministrati in aula durante lezioni frontali rivolte a 68 studenti. I dati raccolti sono stati esportati ed elaborati per analizzare le differenze pre-post intervento e il confronto tra i due gruppi scolastici. Risultati: gli studenti sanitari hanno ottenuto una media del 66,7% di risposte corrette, contro il 57,2% degli studenti di elettronica. Le differenze più rilevanti hanno riguardato quesiti relativi alla fisiologia femminile e all’igiene intima. Il questionario relativo alle disfunzioni pelviche ha mostrato un’incidenza dei sintomi compresa tra il 4,5% e il 44,8%. A un mese dall’intervento, gli studenti sanitari hanno mostrato un incremento medio del 12,1% nelle risposte corrette, con miglioramenti statisticamente significativi (Test esatto di Fisher). Nel gruppo di elettronica, invece, si è osservato un calo complessivo dell’8,5%. Conclusioni: i risultati confermano che problematiche del pavimento pelvico sono già presenti in età adolescenziale e che la conoscenza di base è generalmente carente, soprattutto negli studenti privi di precedenti nozioni. I questionari proposti in questo studio si sono rilevati degli strumenti efficaci per valutare e monitorare il grado di conoscenza dei ragazzi e l’incidenza dei principali LUTS. L’utilizzo dei questionari insieme all’opuscolo “La pelvi va a scuola”, con le opportune modifiche tratte da questo studio, sembra essere un buon mezzo per promuovere una maggiore consapevolezza e contribuire alla prevenzione dei sintomi del basso tratto urinario già in età adolescenziale. Tale approccio educativo evidenzia inoltre il ruolo centrale del fisioterapista nella promozione della salute e nella prevenzione primaria, ambiti in cui la diffusione di corrette informazioni e l’intercettazione precoce dei fattori di rischio possono ridurre significativamente l’insorgenza delle disfunzioni pelviche nel lungo termine.
Benessere e prevenzione delle disfunzioni del pavimento pelvico tra i giovani adolescenti: analisi dell’efficacia del progetto “La pelvi va a scuola”
BUSA, LEONARDO
2024/2025
Abstract
In adolescence, 2–20% of students experience daytime lower urinary tract dysfunctions, most of which are due to poor habits and modifiable risk factors. The literature shows that adolescents have limited and fragmented knowledge regarding basic pelvic floor physiology, unhealthy behaviors to avoid, and early symptoms to recognize as warning signs. Based on these considerations, and on the limited large-scale use of standard urotherapy in Italy, the project “La Pelvi va a scuola” was developed by Dr. Sergio Pianegonda in collaboration with the First-Level Master in Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation at the University of Rome Tor Vergata. It consists of an educational booklet aimed at high school students, offering a multithemed and physiotherapy-based overview of the pelvic floor. Objectives: to develop a questionnaire assessing pelvic health literacy among adolescents, comparing students from healthcare and non-healthcare programs; to investigate, through a second questionnaire, the presence of symptoms related to pelvic floor dysfunctions; to carry out an educational session in selected classes using the booklet; and to evaluate the intervention’s effectiveness by re-administering the first questionnaire after one month. Materials and Methods: question selection and formulation were based on a literature review and on a structured evaluation conducted with physiotherapists specialized in pelvic floor rehabilitation. Both questionnaires were created using Google Forms and administered during in-class lessons to 68 students. Data were then exported and analyzed to compare pre- and post-intervention results between the two school groups. Results: students from the healthcare program achieved an initial average of 66.7% correct answers, compared to 57.2% in the electronics group. The major differences concerned questions on female physiology and intimate hygiene. The questionnaire on pelvic dysfunctions showed a relevant symptom incidence ranging from 4.5% to 44.8%. After one month, healthcare students showed a 12.1% improvement in correct answers on pelvic knowledge, with statistically significant changes (Fisher’s exact test). Conversely, the electronics group showed an overall decrease of 8.5%. Conclusions: the results confirm that pelvic floor disorders are already present during adolescence and that basic knowledge on the topic is generally lacking, especially among students with no prior information. The questionnaires used in this study proved to be effective tools for assessing and monitoring both adolescents’ knowledge and the prevalence of main LUTS. The use of these questionnaires together with the booklet “La pelvi va a scuola”, incorporating the modifications suggested by this study, appears to be a valuable approach to raising awareness and contributing to the prevention of lower urinary tract symptoms from an early age. This educational strategy also highlights the central role of the physiotherapist in health promotion and primary prevention, areas where the dissemination of accurate information and early identification of risk factors can significantly reduce the long-term incidence of pelvic floor dysfunctions.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/102493