Introduction. Multiple disabilities in children represent a complex condition characterized by the coexistence of several impairments that intertwine and influence each other, significantly affecting the child’s overall development and quality of life. The heterogeneity of clinical profiles, developmental trajectories, and individual needs makes it particularly challenging to develop observation and assessment tools that are both effective and shareable among the different professionals involved. Constructing a multidisciplinary functioning profile requires an integrated approach capable of analyzing the main intervention domains while highlighting both the child’s challenges and potential. Objectives. This thesis aims to create an observation tool outlining the functional profile of children with multiple disabilities, based on the bio-psycho-social model of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF, WHO 2001). Following this model, the study seeks to emphasize the importance of a holistic view of the child one that considers not only the health-related issues and bodily functioning but also the child’s potential and available resources. In managing children with multiple disabilities, it is essential to have an observation form that can be used by all professionals involved, serving as a flexible tool that promotes collaboration among practitioners and supports a comprehensive, child-centered approach. Materials and Methods. The research developed through several phases, beginning with a review of national and international scientific literature, conducted through major databases, regarding multiple disabilities in childhood, functional profile assessment models, and the application of the ICF framework in educational and rehabilitative contexts. Based on this review, the concept of multiple disabilities was defined, along with inclusion and exclusion criteria for selecting a sample of children diagnosed with multiple disabilities, identified within specific rehabilitation centers (La Nostra Famiglia). Subsequently, a functional profile assessment form inspired by the ICF bio-psycho-social model was developed. The form was then administered to a sample of children selected by each physiotherapist from their own caseload. At the end of the application phase, a questionnaire was distributed to the participating physiotherapists to collect qualitative and quantitative feedback on the usability, feasibility, and critical aspects of the tool in clinical practice. Results. The analysis of the questionnaires administered to the physiotherapists who used the assessment form revealed an overall positive evaluation. The professionals recognized the effectiveness of the tool in providing a comprehensive representation of the functional profile of children with multiple disabilities, highlighting its consistency with the bio-psycho-social model of the ICF. The possibility of visualizing the data through a bar chart was particularly appreciated, as it was considered very useful for visually identifying both the child’s strengths and the areas of greater difficulty, as well as for its effectiveness as a multidisciplinary tool. However, some physiotherapists pointed out that the 0-to-3 rating scale was, in some cases, limiting, as it did not always capture all the nuances presented by the child.
Introduzione. La pluridisabilità nei bambini rappresenta una condizione complessa, caratterizzata dalla coesistenza di più disabilità che si intrecciano e si influenzano reciprocamente, compromettendo in modo significativo lo sviluppo globale e la qualità della vita del bambino. L’eterogeneità dei quadri clinici, del percorso evolutivo e dei bisogni individuali rende estremamente complesso l’elaborazione di strumenti di osservazione e valutazione che siano realmente efficaci e condivisibili tra i diversi professionisti coinvolti. In particolare, la costruzione di un profilo di funzionamento multidisciplinare richiede un approccio integrato che riesca ad analizzare i principali ambiti di intervento mettendo in luce criticità e potenzialità del bambino. Obiettivi. Questa tesi si propone l’obiettivo di creare una scheda che delinei il profilo di funzionamento del bambino con pluridisabilità basata sul modello bio-psico-sociale dell’ICF (Classificazione Internazionale del Funzionamento, della Disabilità e della Salute, OMS 2001). Seguendo tale modello si intende evidenziare l’importanza di uno sguardo globale sul bambino che tenga conto non solo delle criticità riguardanti le condizioni di salute e del suo funzionamento corporeo ma anche delle sue potenzialità personali e ambientali a disposizione. È importante nella presa in carico del bambino una scheda di osservazione utilizzabile da tutte le figure professionali coinvolte, come strumento flessibile che favorisca la collaborazione tra operatori e una presa in carico completa e centrata sul bambino. Materiali e Metodi. La ricerca si è sviluppata attraverso diverse fasi, a partire da un’analisi della letteratura scientifica nazionale e internazionale nei principali motori di ricerca relativa alla pluridisabilità in età evolutiva, ai modelli di valutazione del profilo di funzionamento e all’applicazione dell’ICF nei contesti educativi e riabilitativi. Sulla base di questa analisi, è stato definito il concetto di pluridisabilità e di conseguenza i criteri di inclusione ed esclusione per la selezione di un campione di bambini con diagnosi di pluridisabilità, individuati all’interno di specifici contesti riabilitativi (strutture della Associazione La Nostra Famiglia territoriali). Successivamente, è stata elaborata una scheda di valutazione del profilo di funzionamento ispirata al modello bio-psico-sociale dell’ICF. La scheda è stata poi somministrata ad un campione di bambini che ogni fisioterapista ha selezionato tra i propri pazienti. A conclusione della fase applicativa, è stato somministrato un questionario ai fisioterapisti coinvolti, al fine di raccogliere osservazioni qualitative e quantitative sulla fruibilità, le criticità e la fattibilità della scheda nel contesto operativo. Risultati. L’analisi dei questionari somministrati ai fisioterapisti che hanno utilizzato la scheda di valutazione ha evidenziato un giudizio complessivamente positivo. I professionisti hanno riconosciuto l’efficacia dello strumento nel rappresentare in modo globale il profilo di funzionamento del bambino con pluridisabilità, sottolineando la coerenza con il modello bio- psico-sociale dell’ICF. È stata particolarmente apprezzata la possibilità di visualizzare i dati attraverso un grafico a barre, ritenuto molto utile per identificare visivamente sia i punti di forza sia le aree di maggiore criticità del bambino e la sua efficacia come strumento multidisciplinare. Tuttavia, alcuni fisioterapisti hanno evidenziato che la scala di valutazione da 0 a 3, risultava in certi casi limitante, poiché non sempre riusciva a cogliere tutte le sfumature che presentava il bambino.
La presa in carico riabilitativa del bambino con pluridisabilità: proposta di una scheda di osservazione del profilo di funzionamento
BALDAN, CECILIA
2024/2025
Abstract
Introduction. Multiple disabilities in children represent a complex condition characterized by the coexistence of several impairments that intertwine and influence each other, significantly affecting the child’s overall development and quality of life. The heterogeneity of clinical profiles, developmental trajectories, and individual needs makes it particularly challenging to develop observation and assessment tools that are both effective and shareable among the different professionals involved. Constructing a multidisciplinary functioning profile requires an integrated approach capable of analyzing the main intervention domains while highlighting both the child’s challenges and potential. Objectives. This thesis aims to create an observation tool outlining the functional profile of children with multiple disabilities, based on the bio-psycho-social model of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF, WHO 2001). Following this model, the study seeks to emphasize the importance of a holistic view of the child one that considers not only the health-related issues and bodily functioning but also the child’s potential and available resources. In managing children with multiple disabilities, it is essential to have an observation form that can be used by all professionals involved, serving as a flexible tool that promotes collaboration among practitioners and supports a comprehensive, child-centered approach. Materials and Methods. The research developed through several phases, beginning with a review of national and international scientific literature, conducted through major databases, regarding multiple disabilities in childhood, functional profile assessment models, and the application of the ICF framework in educational and rehabilitative contexts. Based on this review, the concept of multiple disabilities was defined, along with inclusion and exclusion criteria for selecting a sample of children diagnosed with multiple disabilities, identified within specific rehabilitation centers (La Nostra Famiglia). Subsequently, a functional profile assessment form inspired by the ICF bio-psycho-social model was developed. The form was then administered to a sample of children selected by each physiotherapist from their own caseload. At the end of the application phase, a questionnaire was distributed to the participating physiotherapists to collect qualitative and quantitative feedback on the usability, feasibility, and critical aspects of the tool in clinical practice. Results. The analysis of the questionnaires administered to the physiotherapists who used the assessment form revealed an overall positive evaluation. The professionals recognized the effectiveness of the tool in providing a comprehensive representation of the functional profile of children with multiple disabilities, highlighting its consistency with the bio-psycho-social model of the ICF. The possibility of visualizing the data through a bar chart was particularly appreciated, as it was considered very useful for visually identifying both the child’s strengths and the areas of greater difficulty, as well as for its effectiveness as a multidisciplinary tool. However, some physiotherapists pointed out that the 0-to-3 rating scale was, in some cases, limiting, as it did not always capture all the nuances presented by the child.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/102909