Introduction: brain gliomas are the most common type of primary brain tumors, originating from alterations in glial cells, glial precursors, or stem cells. Their incidence is approximately 6–7 cases per 100,000 individuals annually, where the severity of clinical manifestations is linked to the histological grade of the tumor that divides low grade (LG) gliomas diagnosis, which are less aggressive, from high grade (HG) gliomas, associated with poorer prognosis. Patient survival ranges from 12 months in severe HG cases, to up to 15 years: despite effective medical and surgical interventions, patients frequently present motor, cognitive, psychological, and socio-environmental impairments, necessitating rehabilitation, as strongly recommended by international guidelines. However, literature provides limited information regarding frequency, intensity, characteristics, and duration of rehabilitation interventions, making the assessment of their efficacy, safety, and feasibility difficult to understand. Materials and Methods: the selected study design is a scoping review, conducted according to the Population-Concept-Context (PCC) framework: eligible studies included primary qualitative records published in English, involving adult patients with glioma undergoing rehabilitation interventions in healthcare settings (hospitals, outpatient clinics, or home-based care). The search was performed across the following databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, and PsycINFO. Informations regarding study characteristics, rehabilitation intervention details, parameters related to safety, feasibility, and efficacy were extracted from the included studies. Results: following the screening process of 3,247 identified records, 41 studies were included, with a total of 46 arms of intervention. The most frequent study design was the case report. Most patients were diagnosed with HG gliomas and underwent single-discipline physiotherapy programs in healthcare settings, primarily focused on therapeutic exercise. Only 50% of intervention arms reported complete information on intervention dosage, with a median treatment duration of 45 minutes per session, 3 sessions per week, for a total of 8 weeks. 28 out of 41 studies reported efficacy outcomes, 27 of which specified the type of outcome indicators used (PROM or PerfO), with 68% describing positive results; 14 studies reported safety outcomes, with 79% stating positive conclusions, while 21 studies assessed feasibility, with 71% reporting full adherence to treatment. Conclusion: from the mapping of the studies, it emerged that physiotherapy in an in-patient setting dominates the rehabilitation of glioma patients, with sessions lasting from 15 to 180 minutes and a maximum duration of 24 weeks; on the other hand, multidisciplinary, speech therapy, and occupational therapy interventions are not adequately represented. Moreover, there is a lack of information regarding dosage and safety, highlighting the need for appropriate reporting in order to optimize rehabilitation strategies.
Introduzione: i gliomi cerebrali rappresentano la tipologia di tumore cerebrale primario più diffusa, con origine legata all’alterazione di cellule della glia, precursori gliali o cellule staminali. L’incidenza si aggira sui 6-7 casi annui su 100.000 soggetti, con severità delle manifestazioni cliniche legata al grado istologico delle neoplasie, il quale suddivide le diagnosi in gliomi low grade (LG), meno aggressivi, e high grade (HG), con prognosi peggiore. La sopravvivenza dei pazienti varia dai 12 mesi, in gliomi HG gravi, fino ai 15 anni: anche a seguito di interventi medico-chirurgici efficaci, i pazienti presentano spesso alterazioni motorie, cognitive, psicologiche e socio-ambientali che necessitano di riabilitazione, come fortemente raccomandato dalle linee guida internazionali. Nonostante ciò, in letteratura sono presenti scarse informazioni riguardo frequenza, intensità, caratteristiche e durata dei trattamenti, rendendo difficile comprendere l’efficacia, la sicurezza e la fattibilità dei percorsi riabilitativi. Materiali e metodi: il disegno di studio selezionato è una scoping review, condotta secondo il modello Population-Concept-Context (PCC): sono stati selezionati studi primari qualitativi in lingua inglese che comprendessero una popolazione di pazienti adulti con glioma sottoposti ad interventi riabilitativi in contesti sanitari (ospedali, ambulatori e a domicilio). La ricerca è stata condotta nei seguenti database: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO. Dagli articoli selezionati sono state estratte le informazioni riguardanti le caratteristiche dello studio, dell’intervento riabilitativo condotto e dei parametri di safety, feasibility ed efficacy. Risultati: a seguito del processo di screening degli 3247 articoli identificati, sono stati inclusi 41 studi, per un totale di 46 braccia di intervento. Il disegno di studio più frequente è il case-report. La prevalenza vede pazienti con diagnosi di glioma HG, presi in carico in strutture sanitarie per un percorso riabilitativo monodisciplinare fisioterapico focalizzato sulla somministrazione di esercizio terapeutico. Solo il 50% dei rami di intervento ha riportato informazioni complete sul dosaggio degli interventi, con una mediana di sessioni da 45 minuti, 3 volte alla settimana per 8 settimane complessive. 28 studi su 41 riportano informazioni di efficacy, di cui 27 descrivono la tipologia di indicatori di outcome scelti (PROM o PerfO), con il 68% che riporta risultati positivi; 14 studi includono la safety, con il 79% di conclusioni positive, e 21 studi indagano la feasibility dei trattamenti, dove il 71% vede una piena aderenza al trattamento. Conclusione: dalla mappatura degli studi è emerso come la fisioterapia in contesto ospedaliero domini la riabilitazione dei pazienti con glioma, con sessioni da 15 a 180 minuti e durata massima di 24 settimane; al contrario, gli interventi multidisciplinari, logopedici e di terapia occupazionale non vengono adeguatamente rappresentati. Inoltre, vi è scarsità di informazioni riguardo dosaggio e safety, evidenziando la necessità di reporting adeguato al fine di ottimizzare le strategie riabilitative.
Le caratteristiche della riabilitazione nei pazienti adulti affetti da glioma cerebrale: una scoping review.
FERTONANI, ALICE
2024/2025
Abstract
Introduction: brain gliomas are the most common type of primary brain tumors, originating from alterations in glial cells, glial precursors, or stem cells. Their incidence is approximately 6–7 cases per 100,000 individuals annually, where the severity of clinical manifestations is linked to the histological grade of the tumor that divides low grade (LG) gliomas diagnosis, which are less aggressive, from high grade (HG) gliomas, associated with poorer prognosis. Patient survival ranges from 12 months in severe HG cases, to up to 15 years: despite effective medical and surgical interventions, patients frequently present motor, cognitive, psychological, and socio-environmental impairments, necessitating rehabilitation, as strongly recommended by international guidelines. However, literature provides limited information regarding frequency, intensity, characteristics, and duration of rehabilitation interventions, making the assessment of their efficacy, safety, and feasibility difficult to understand. Materials and Methods: the selected study design is a scoping review, conducted according to the Population-Concept-Context (PCC) framework: eligible studies included primary qualitative records published in English, involving adult patients with glioma undergoing rehabilitation interventions in healthcare settings (hospitals, outpatient clinics, or home-based care). The search was performed across the following databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, and PsycINFO. Informations regarding study characteristics, rehabilitation intervention details, parameters related to safety, feasibility, and efficacy were extracted from the included studies. Results: following the screening process of 3,247 identified records, 41 studies were included, with a total of 46 arms of intervention. The most frequent study design was the case report. Most patients were diagnosed with HG gliomas and underwent single-discipline physiotherapy programs in healthcare settings, primarily focused on therapeutic exercise. Only 50% of intervention arms reported complete information on intervention dosage, with a median treatment duration of 45 minutes per session, 3 sessions per week, for a total of 8 weeks. 28 out of 41 studies reported efficacy outcomes, 27 of which specified the type of outcome indicators used (PROM or PerfO), with 68% describing positive results; 14 studies reported safety outcomes, with 79% stating positive conclusions, while 21 studies assessed feasibility, with 71% reporting full adherence to treatment. Conclusion: from the mapping of the studies, it emerged that physiotherapy in an in-patient setting dominates the rehabilitation of glioma patients, with sessions lasting from 15 to 180 minutes and a maximum duration of 24 weeks; on the other hand, multidisciplinary, speech therapy, and occupational therapy interventions are not adequately represented. Moreover, there is a lack of information regarding dosage and safety, highlighting the need for appropriate reporting in order to optimize rehabilitation strategies.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/102920