Background and purpose : Metatarsalgia is a painful condition with a multifactorial etiology, often arising from underlying disorders or predisposing factors, many of which are structural and result in deformities. In severe cases, surgical treatment is typically indicated; however, literature consistently recommends an initial conservative approach, which currently focuses primarily on orthotic design. Recently, increasing attention in the literature has been given to the concept of the foot core system, which highlights the role of intrinsic foot muscles and related structures as central to foot stability and functionality. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the effectiveness of intrinsic foot muscle training in managing painful conditions such as metatarsalgia. Materials and Methods: A literature review was conducted on the foot core system, with research spanning from January 2024 to September 2025. A PICO framework was established as follows: P – individuals with metatarsalgia; I – intervention: intrinsic foot muscle (foot core) training; C – no specific comparator; O – reduction of symptoms and/or improvement in performance. Additionally, a clinical case study was presented involving a professional dancer with chronic post-injury metatarsalgia. A three-month training program focusing on strengthening the foot core system was implemented. Functional assessments were conducted at three different time points, using both general and dance-specific functional tests. Results and Conclusions: Available literature offers limited evidence regarding the use of foot core training specifically for metatarsalgia; however, this intervention has demonstrated effectiveness in improving functionality, posture, and performance across various lower limb and foot pathologies. These findings support the rationale for applying this treatment approach to metatarsalgia. In conclusion, as also suggested by the clinical case, foot core training appears to be particularly effective in enhancing functionality and performance, while showing more limited effects on pain reduction.
Introduzione e obiettivo: La metatarsalgia è una patologia dolorosa che trova la sua eziologia a partire da diverse patologie di base o fattori predisponenti, molti di questi sono rilevabili a livello strutturale e comportano deformità. Generalmente nei casi gravi è trattata chirurgicamente, anche se è sempre consigliato in letteratura un primo approccio conservativo che per ora si basa principalmente sulla progettazione di ortesi. Recentemente in letteratura si sta approfondendo il concetto di foot core system che da rilievo alla muscolatura intrinseca del piede e alle sue strutture come centro di stabilità e funzionalità; il nostro obiettivo quindi è quello di verificare l’efficacia dell’allenamento della muscolatura intrinseca per la gestione di patologie dolorose come la metatarsalgia. Materiali e metodi: È stata quindi svolta un analisi della letteratura riguardante il foot core system, la ricerca degli articoli è stata svolta da gennaio 2024 a settembre 2025. È stato stabilito un PICO (P: soggetti affetti da metatarsalgia, I intervento: allenamento della muscolatura intrinseca del piede (foot core), C: nessun confronto specifico, O: diminuzione della sintomatologia e/o miglioramento della performance. Inoltre è stato presentato un caso clinico su una ballerina professionista affetta da metatarsalgia cronica post infortunio, a cui è stato proposto un programma di tre mesi basato sull’allenamento e il rinforzo del foot core system; la valutazione è stata svolta a tre intervalli di tempo con test funzionali generici e specifici per i danzatori. Risultati e conclusioni: Il materiale reperibile nelle banche dati risulta essere insufficiente per quanto riguarda l’utilizzo di tale trattamento della metatarsalgia, ma emerge essere efficace nel miglioramento della funzionalità, della postura e della performance in differenti quadri patologici riguardanti l’arto inferiore ed il piede, risulta quindi essere supportato il razionale che porta all’utilizzo di tale trattamento della patologia di nostro interesse. In conclusione da quanto emerge anche dal caso clinico è verificata un’efficacia soprattutto nel miglioramento della funzionalità e delle performance, minore è l’efficacia sul dolore.
EFFICACIA DEL RINFORZO DEL FOOT CORE SYSTEM NELLA GESTIONE DELLA METATARSALGIA: UNA REVISIONE NARRATIVA DELLA LETTERATURA ED UN CASO CLINICO DI UNA BALLERINA PROFESSIONISTA
LIZZA, TOMMASO
2024/2025
Abstract
Background and purpose : Metatarsalgia is a painful condition with a multifactorial etiology, often arising from underlying disorders or predisposing factors, many of which are structural and result in deformities. In severe cases, surgical treatment is typically indicated; however, literature consistently recommends an initial conservative approach, which currently focuses primarily on orthotic design. Recently, increasing attention in the literature has been given to the concept of the foot core system, which highlights the role of intrinsic foot muscles and related structures as central to foot stability and functionality. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the effectiveness of intrinsic foot muscle training in managing painful conditions such as metatarsalgia. Materials and Methods: A literature review was conducted on the foot core system, with research spanning from January 2024 to September 2025. A PICO framework was established as follows: P – individuals with metatarsalgia; I – intervention: intrinsic foot muscle (foot core) training; C – no specific comparator; O – reduction of symptoms and/or improvement in performance. Additionally, a clinical case study was presented involving a professional dancer with chronic post-injury metatarsalgia. A three-month training program focusing on strengthening the foot core system was implemented. Functional assessments were conducted at three different time points, using both general and dance-specific functional tests. Results and Conclusions: Available literature offers limited evidence regarding the use of foot core training specifically for metatarsalgia; however, this intervention has demonstrated effectiveness in improving functionality, posture, and performance across various lower limb and foot pathologies. These findings support the rationale for applying this treatment approach to metatarsalgia. In conclusion, as also suggested by the clinical case, foot core training appears to be particularly effective in enhancing functionality and performance, while showing more limited effects on pain reduction.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/102923