Introduction: Fibromyalgia, or fibromyalgia syndrome, is a chronic, non degenerative functional disorder characterized primarily by chronic and widespread musculoskeletal pain, along with other symptoms such as fatigue, stiffness, sleep disturbances, and mood disorders. This condition is highly prevalent in the general population and is considered the third most common musculoskeletal disorder after low back pain and osteoarthritis. Its therapeutic management is complex due to the heterogeneity of symptoms and the ongoing uncertainty surrounding diagnostic criteria; however, it is widely accepted that a multidisciplinary approach, including pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments, is required. Non pharmacological physiotherapy treatments can be divided into 2 approaches: "Hands On," which involves the physiotherapist's direct use of their hands On the patient, as in manual therapy, and "Hands Off," which relies on therapeutic exercise and patient education. Objective: To compare “Hands On” and “Hands Off” treatment approaches in terms of changes in perceived pain, quality of life, severity of fatigue, and quality of sleep to verify whether one type of approach is superior to the other in the short term (BT) and medium-long term (MLT) and to discover which specific treatment techniques are more effective. Materials and methods: The literature search was conducted between June and August 2025, analyzing randomized clinical trials and systematic reviews published in the last 10 years after defining the inclusion and exclusion criteria and a PICOS model. Results: The initial search produced 613 articles; after adding filters, assessing methodological quality (PEDro and AMSTAR2 scales), and removing duplicates, 23 were selected for the study (21 RCTs, 1 Quasi-RCT, and 1 systematic review), with a total of 1393 patients included. The outcome indicators chosen to compare the treatment efficacy of the 2 approaches in the 2 time frames (BT between 2 and 8 weeks from the start of treatment and MLT beyond 8 weeks from the start) were the VAS and PPT for pain, the FIQ and SF-36 for quality of life, the FSS for fatigue severity, and the PSQI for sleep quality. Of the 23 selected articles, 8 presented a Hands On approach, 13 a Hands Off approach, and 2 both approaches. Conclusions: The Hands Off approach is always effective in BT with all the treatments analyzed. The Hands On approach is superior in BT for pain outcomes; for quality of life in BT, both approaches are effective without any superiority. In MLT, the Hands Off approach is clearly superior. It is therefore effective to combine the 2 approaches in the first weeks of treatment to reduce symptoms and subsequently favor the Hands Off approach to maintain the results obtained.
Introduzione: La fibromialgia o sindrome fibromialgica è una patologia funzionale cronica, non degenerativa, caratterizzata principalmente da dolore muscoloscheletrico cronico e diffuso oltre ad altri sintomi come astenia, rigidità, disturbi del sonno e dell'umore. Questa patologia è altamente diffusa nella popolazione generale ed è considerata la terza patologia muscoloscheletrica più comune dopo la lombalgia e l'osteoartrite. La sua gestione terapeutica risulta complessa a causa dell'eterogeneità dei sintomi e della presenza ancora oggi di incertezze riguardo i criteri diagnostici; nonostante ciò, è condiviso che debba esserci un approccio multidisciplinare comprendendo trattamenti farmacologici e non farmacologici. I trattamenti non farmacologici fisioterapici si possono suddividere in 2 tipologie di approccio ovvero "Hands On" che prevede un diretto utilizzo delle mani sul paziente da parte del fisioterapista come nella terapia manuale e "Hands Off" che è invece basato sull'esercizio terapeutico e sull'educazione del paziente. Obiettivo: Confrontare gli approcci di trattamento “Hands On” e “Hands Off” in termini di modifica del dolore percepito, qualità della vita, severità della fatica, qualità del sonno per verificare se ci sia un tipo di approccio superiore all'altro a breve termine (BT) e a medio-lungo termine (MLT) e scoprire quali tecniche specifiche di trattamento risultano più efficaci. Materiali e metodi: La ricerca bibliografica si è svolta tra giugno e agosto 2025 analizzando trials clinici randomizzati e revisioni sistematiche pubblicate negli ultimi 10 anni dopo aver definito i criteri di inclusione ed esclusione e un modello PICOS. Risultati: Dalla ricerca inizialmente sono emersi 613 articoli; dopo l’aggiunta dei filtri, una valutazione della qualità metodologica (scale PEDro e AMSTAR2) e la rimozione dei doppioni, ne sono stati selezionati 23 per lo studio (21 RCT, 1 Quasi-RCT, 1 revisione sistematica) con un totale di 1393 pazienti inclusi. Gli indicatori di outcome scelti per confrontare l’efficacia dei trattamenti dei 2 approcci nelle 2 finestre temporali (BT tra 2 e 8 settimane dall’inizio del trattamento e MLT oltre le 8 settimane dall’inizio) sono la VAS e il PPT per il dolore, il FIQ e la SF-36 per la qualità della vita, la FSS per la severità della fatica, il PSQI per la qualità del sonno. Dei 23 articoli selezionati 8 presentano un approccio Hands On, 13 Hands Off e 2 entrambi gli approcci. Conclusioni: L’approccio Hands Off è sempre efficace a BT con tutti i trattamenti analizzati. L’approccio Hands On è superiore nel BT per l’outcome dolore; per la qualità della vita a BT entrambi gli approcci risultano efficaci senza una superiorità. Nel MLT l’approccio Hands Off è nettamente superiore. Risulta quindi efficace combinare i 2 approcci nelle prime settimane di trattamento per ridurre i sintomi e in seguito prediligere l’approccio Hands Off per mantenere i risultati ottenuti.
Confronto tra l'efficacia di un approccio di trattamento di tipo "Hands On" e "Hands Off" nella riduzione dei sintomi in pazienti con Fibromialgia: una revisione della letteratura
ZANON, FRANCESCO
2024/2025
Abstract
Introduction: Fibromyalgia, or fibromyalgia syndrome, is a chronic, non degenerative functional disorder characterized primarily by chronic and widespread musculoskeletal pain, along with other symptoms such as fatigue, stiffness, sleep disturbances, and mood disorders. This condition is highly prevalent in the general population and is considered the third most common musculoskeletal disorder after low back pain and osteoarthritis. Its therapeutic management is complex due to the heterogeneity of symptoms and the ongoing uncertainty surrounding diagnostic criteria; however, it is widely accepted that a multidisciplinary approach, including pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments, is required. Non pharmacological physiotherapy treatments can be divided into 2 approaches: "Hands On," which involves the physiotherapist's direct use of their hands On the patient, as in manual therapy, and "Hands Off," which relies on therapeutic exercise and patient education. Objective: To compare “Hands On” and “Hands Off” treatment approaches in terms of changes in perceived pain, quality of life, severity of fatigue, and quality of sleep to verify whether one type of approach is superior to the other in the short term (BT) and medium-long term (MLT) and to discover which specific treatment techniques are more effective. Materials and methods: The literature search was conducted between June and August 2025, analyzing randomized clinical trials and systematic reviews published in the last 10 years after defining the inclusion and exclusion criteria and a PICOS model. Results: The initial search produced 613 articles; after adding filters, assessing methodological quality (PEDro and AMSTAR2 scales), and removing duplicates, 23 were selected for the study (21 RCTs, 1 Quasi-RCT, and 1 systematic review), with a total of 1393 patients included. The outcome indicators chosen to compare the treatment efficacy of the 2 approaches in the 2 time frames (BT between 2 and 8 weeks from the start of treatment and MLT beyond 8 weeks from the start) were the VAS and PPT for pain, the FIQ and SF-36 for quality of life, the FSS for fatigue severity, and the PSQI for sleep quality. Of the 23 selected articles, 8 presented a Hands On approach, 13 a Hands Off approach, and 2 both approaches. Conclusions: The Hands Off approach is always effective in BT with all the treatments analyzed. The Hands On approach is superior in BT for pain outcomes; for quality of life in BT, both approaches are effective without any superiority. In MLT, the Hands Off approach is clearly superior. It is therefore effective to combine the 2 approaches in the first weeks of treatment to reduce symptoms and subsequently favor the Hands Off approach to maintain the results obtained.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/102929