In the years when the first quantum research was conducted on biology, hence giving rise to biophysics, the newborn theory of computation tried to explain the brain by using analogies with computers. Wiener’s cybernetic dream was never realized, but it lied dormant: in more recent times some literature proposed that quantum computing can explain the parallelism embedded in neural processes, as well as the brain's high speed in solving difficult problems. After presenting an historical overview on neurophysiology and theory of classical and quantum computation, the latest biophysical studies on animal brain are discussed, as well as quantum transduction of external stimuli at sensory interface. NP problems are then specifically described in the context of protein folding and fetal connectome morphogenesis, showing why the hypothesis of quantum computation in the brain is not compelling. Finally, the rising field of quantum machine learning is mentioned, together with the possible applications of quantum dots in neuroprosthetics.
Negli anni in cui le prime indagini quantomeccaniche rivolte alla biologia davano vita alla biofisica, la nascente teoria della computazione tentava di spiegare il cervello tramite analogie con i calcolatori. Il sogno della cibernetica di Wiener non venne realizzato ma restò latente: in tempi più recenti una parte di letteratura ha proposto che la computazione quantistica possa spiegare il parallelismo dei processi neurali e la rapidità del cervello nel risolvere problemi complessi. Dopo un excursus storico su neurofisiologia e teoria della computazione classica e quantistica, vengono discusse le ultime ricerche biofisiche sul cervello animale e sulla trasduzione quantomeccanica degli stimoli esterni all’interfaccia sensoriale. Si inquadrano poi i problemi NP nel contesto del folding proteico nelle sinapsi e della morfogenesi del connettoma fetale, illustrando le ragioni che rendono non necessaria l'ipotesi di una computazione quantistica nel cervello. Infine si accenna al nascente quantum machine learning e alle possibili applicazioni neuroprotesiche dei quantum dots.
Neuroni e Qubit - Storia di un difficile parallelismo
NUCERA, VALERIO
2021/2022
Abstract
In the years when the first quantum research was conducted on biology, hence giving rise to biophysics, the newborn theory of computation tried to explain the brain by using analogies with computers. Wiener’s cybernetic dream was never realized, but it lied dormant: in more recent times some literature proposed that quantum computing can explain the parallelism embedded in neural processes, as well as the brain's high speed in solving difficult problems. After presenting an historical overview on neurophysiology and theory of classical and quantum computation, the latest biophysical studies on animal brain are discussed, as well as quantum transduction of external stimuli at sensory interface. NP problems are then specifically described in the context of protein folding and fetal connectome morphogenesis, showing why the hypothesis of quantum computation in the brain is not compelling. Finally, the rising field of quantum machine learning is mentioned, together with the possible applications of quantum dots in neuroprosthetics.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/10365