In recent decades, the continuous evolution of digital systems has led to a growing demand for faster, more efficient, and more reliable memories. While volatile memories such as DRAM have dominated many applications for years, non-volatile memories (NVMs) are assuming an increasingly central role, not only in storage but also in data processing. Alongside established technologies such as EEPROM and Flash, new emerging solutions are emerging, including RRAM, MRAM, PCM, and FRAM, capable of offering superior performance in terms of speed, power consumption, and endurance. This thesis aims to analyze the evolution of non-volatile memories, with a particular focus on emerging technologies. After introducing the definitions, classifications, and characteristics of memories in general, a technical comparison between volatile and non-volatile memories is presented. The main emerging technologies, their state-of-the-art, and their potential applications in the mobile, embedded, datacenter, and artificial intelligence sectors are then analyzed. Finally, a comparative analysis of the various emerging NVMs is provided, highlighting their potential, outstanding challenges, and future prospects.
Negli ultimi decenni, la continua evoluzione dei sistemi digitali ha portato a una crescente richiesta di memorie più veloci, efficienti e affidabili. Sebbene le memorie volatili come la DRAM abbiano dominato per anni molte applicazioni, le memorie non volatili (NVM) stanno assumendo un ruolo sempre più centrale, non solo nello storage ma anche nell’elaborazione dati. Accanto alle tecnologie consolidate come EEPROM e Flash, si stanno affermando nuove soluzioni emergenti, tra cui: RRAM, MRAM, PCM e FRAM, capaci di offrire prestazioni superiori in termini di velocità, consumo energetico e durata. Questa tesi si propone di analizzare l’evoluzione delle memorie non volatili, con particolare attenzione alle tecnologie emergenti. Dopo aver introdotto le definizioni, le classificazioni e le caratteristiche delle memorie in generale, viene presentato un confronto tecnico tra memorie volatili e non volatili. Si analizzano quindi le principali tecnologie emergenti, il loro stato dell’arte e le loro possibili applicazioni nei settori mobili, embedded, datacenter e intelligenza artificiale. Infine, viene proposta un’analisi comparativa tra le diverse NVM emergenti, evidenziandone le potenzialità, le sfide ancora aperte e le prospettive future.
L’evoluzione delle memorie non volatili
MUNEROTTO, GIACOMO
2025/2026
Abstract
In recent decades, the continuous evolution of digital systems has led to a growing demand for faster, more efficient, and more reliable memories. While volatile memories such as DRAM have dominated many applications for years, non-volatile memories (NVMs) are assuming an increasingly central role, not only in storage but also in data processing. Alongside established technologies such as EEPROM and Flash, new emerging solutions are emerging, including RRAM, MRAM, PCM, and FRAM, capable of offering superior performance in terms of speed, power consumption, and endurance. This thesis aims to analyze the evolution of non-volatile memories, with a particular focus on emerging technologies. After introducing the definitions, classifications, and characteristics of memories in general, a technical comparison between volatile and non-volatile memories is presented. The main emerging technologies, their state-of-the-art, and their potential applications in the mobile, embedded, datacenter, and artificial intelligence sectors are then analyzed. Finally, a comparative analysis of the various emerging NVMs is provided, highlighting their potential, outstanding challenges, and future prospects.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/104216