This thesis examines the relationship between gender politics and digital activism in South Korea, focusing on how feminist movements have influenced the political sphere through the use of social media, navigating between mobilization and antifeminist backlash. Although South Korea is a highly developed democracy and a global technological leader, it continues to display one of the widest gender gaps among OECD countries. This apparent paradox makes the Asian country a particularly relevant case for understanding how digital spaces can function both as environments of resistance and as arenas of conflict and polarization. The theoretical framework draws on feminist theory (Butler, Fraser), studies on digital activism (Haraway, Plant, Castells, Tufekci), and backlash theory (Faludi), connecting these perspectives to the South Korean context. The objective of this research is to demonstrate that social media are not merely communication tools, but political spaces where feminism takes shape, gains visibility, and influences public debate and institutions. The study adopts a qualitative approach based on two case studies: the MeToo movement and the 4B movement, which challenge traditional gender roles. In conclusion, this thesis highlights the political role of online activism and the tension between gender equality claims and conservative dynamics within South Korean democracy.
Questa tesi analizza il rapporto tra politica di genere e attivismo digitale in Corea del Sud, concentrandosi su come i movimenti femministi abbiano influenzato la sfera politica grazie all’uso dei social media, tra mobilitazione e backlash antifemminista. La Corea del Sud, pur essendo una democrazia altamente sviluppata e leader globale nel settore tecnologico, continua ad avere uno dei divari di genere più ampi tra i Paesi dell’OCSE. Questo apparente paradosso rende il paese asiatico particolarmente significativo, per comprendere come gli spazi digitali possano costituire sia ambienti di resistenza, sia luoghi di conflitto e polarizzazione. Il quadro teorico si fonda sulla teoria femminista (Butler, Fraser), sugli studi riguardanti l’attivismo digitale (Haraway, Plant, Castells, Tufekci) e sulla teoria del backlash (Faludi), mettendo in relazione tali prospettive con il contesto sudcoreano. L’obiettivo di questa ricerca è dimostrare che i social media non sono soltanto strumenti di comunicazione, ma veri e propri spazi politici in cui il femminismo prende forma, acquisisce visibilità e incide sul dibattito pubblico e sulle istituzioni. L’approccio adottato è di tipo qualitativo e si basa su due casi di studio: il movimento MeToo e il movimento 4B, che rifiutano i ruoli di genere tradizionali. In conclusione, la tesi mette in luce il ruolo politico dell’attivismo online e la tensione tra istanze di uguaglianza di genere e spinte conservatrici nella democrazia sudcoreana.
How have South Korean digital feminist movements influenced the political sphere, between mobilization and antifeminist backlash?
BONOMO, BEATRICE
2025/2026
Abstract
This thesis examines the relationship between gender politics and digital activism in South Korea, focusing on how feminist movements have influenced the political sphere through the use of social media, navigating between mobilization and antifeminist backlash. Although South Korea is a highly developed democracy and a global technological leader, it continues to display one of the widest gender gaps among OECD countries. This apparent paradox makes the Asian country a particularly relevant case for understanding how digital spaces can function both as environments of resistance and as arenas of conflict and polarization. The theoretical framework draws on feminist theory (Butler, Fraser), studies on digital activism (Haraway, Plant, Castells, Tufekci), and backlash theory (Faludi), connecting these perspectives to the South Korean context. The objective of this research is to demonstrate that social media are not merely communication tools, but political spaces where feminism takes shape, gains visibility, and influences public debate and institutions. The study adopts a qualitative approach based on two case studies: the MeToo movement and the 4B movement, which challenge traditional gender roles. In conclusion, this thesis highlights the political role of online activism and the tension between gender equality claims and conservative dynamics within South Korean democracy.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/104603