Substance Use Disorder represents a complex and multifactorial condition that requires structured and comprehensive treatment approaches. In the Italian context, therapeutic communities constitute one of the main residential treatment settings for individuals with substance-related disorders, offering rehabilitation programs based on abstinence, relational work, and the reorganization of lifestyle patterns. The present thesis aims to provide a critical analysis of therapeutic communities as a treatment context for Substance Use Disorder. After a clinical overview of the disorder according to the DSM-5-TR criteria and an epidemiological overview focused on the Italian context, the work examines the historical development and organizational characteristics of therapeutic communities, with particular attention to their theoretical frameworks and the main therapeutic practices adopted. The final section focuses on follow-up studies and outcome research, analyzing key indicators such as retention, dropout rates, duration of treatment programs, quality of life, and social reintegration. Furthermore, the thesis critically discusses the major limitations and challenges emerging from the literature, including methodological weaknesses of outcome studies, stigma and barriers to access, as well as regional heterogeneity and differences among therapeutic community models. Overall, the analysis highlights that, although therapeutic communities represent a relevant resource in the treatment of Substance Use Disorder, significant gaps remain. These findings underline the need for stronger empirical evidence and for greater integration between clinical, social, and institutional dimensions of care.
Il disturbo da uso di sostanze rappresenta una problematica complessa e multifattoriale, che richiede interventi di cura strutturati e articolati. Nel contesto italiano, le comunità terapeutiche costituiscono uno dei principali dispositivi di trattamento residenziale per persone con dipendenza da sostanze, offrendo percorsi riabilitativi fondati sull’astinenza, sul lavoro relazionale e sulla riorganizzazione dello stile di vita. Il presente elaborato si propone di analizzare criticamente il ruolo delle comunità terapeutiche come contesto di cura del disturbo da uso di sostanze. Dopo un inquadramento clinico del disturbo secondo i criteri del DSM-5-TR e una panoramica epidemiologica focalizzata sul contesto italiano, viene approfondita l’evoluzione storica e organizzativa delle comunità terapeutiche, con particolare attenzione ai modelli teorici di riferimento e alle principali pratiche terapeutiche adottate. Nella parte conclusiva, l’analisi si concentra sugli studi di outcome e sui dati di follow-up disponibili in letteratura, prendendo in esame indicatori quali retention, dropout, durata dei percorsi, qualità di vita e reinserimento sociale. Vengono inoltre discusse criticamente le principali criticità emerse, tra cui i limiti metodologici degli studi, le difficoltà di accesso ai servizi, lo stigma associato alla dipendenza e l’elevata eterogeneità regionale e tra modelli di comunità. L’elaborato evidenzia come, pur rappresentando una risorsa rilevante nel trattamento del disturbo da uso di sostanze, le comunità terapeutiche presentino ancora importanti lacune che rendono necessario un rafforzamento delle evidenze empiriche e una maggiore integrazione tra dimensione clinica, sociale e istituzionale.
Le comunità terapeutiche come contesto di cura del disturbo da uso di sostanze: un’analisi critica
DORIGONI, ELISABETTA
2025/2026
Abstract
Substance Use Disorder represents a complex and multifactorial condition that requires structured and comprehensive treatment approaches. In the Italian context, therapeutic communities constitute one of the main residential treatment settings for individuals with substance-related disorders, offering rehabilitation programs based on abstinence, relational work, and the reorganization of lifestyle patterns. The present thesis aims to provide a critical analysis of therapeutic communities as a treatment context for Substance Use Disorder. After a clinical overview of the disorder according to the DSM-5-TR criteria and an epidemiological overview focused on the Italian context, the work examines the historical development and organizational characteristics of therapeutic communities, with particular attention to their theoretical frameworks and the main therapeutic practices adopted. The final section focuses on follow-up studies and outcome research, analyzing key indicators such as retention, dropout rates, duration of treatment programs, quality of life, and social reintegration. Furthermore, the thesis critically discusses the major limitations and challenges emerging from the literature, including methodological weaknesses of outcome studies, stigma and barriers to access, as well as regional heterogeneity and differences among therapeutic community models. Overall, the analysis highlights that, although therapeutic communities represent a relevant resource in the treatment of Substance Use Disorder, significant gaps remain. These findings underline the need for stronger empirical evidence and for greater integration between clinical, social, and institutional dimensions of care.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/105033